Extending Energy Optimization in Goal-Directed Aiming from Movement Kinematics to Joint Angles

Energy optimization in goal-directed aiming has been demonstrated as an undershoot bias in primary movement endpoint locations, especially in conditions where corrections to target overshoots must be made against gravity. Two-component models of upper limb movement have not yet considered how joint...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of motor behavior Vol. 49; no. 2; pp. 129 - 140
Main Authors Burkitt, James J., Bongers, Raoul M., Elliott, Digby, Hansen, Steve, Lyons, James L.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Routledge 01.03.2017
Taylor & Francis Inc
Subjects
Biomechanical Phenomena - physiology
Energy
Energy Metabolism - physiology
energy optimization
Female
goal-directed aiming
Goals
Gravitation
Humans
joint angles
Joints - physiology
Kinematics
Male
Motor ability
Movement - physiology
Optimization
Random Allocation
tool use
Upper Extremity - physiology
Young Adult
energy optimization
joint angles
tool use
goal-directed aiming
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Summary:Energy optimization in goal-directed aiming has been demonstrated as an undershoot bias in primary movement endpoint locations, especially in conditions where corrections to target overshoots must be made against gravity. Two-component models of upper limb movement have not yet considered how joint angles are organized to deal with the energy constraints associated with moving the upper limb in goal-directed aiming tasks. To address this limitation, participants performed aiming movements to targets in the up and down directions with the index finger and two types of rod extensions attached to the index finger. The rod extensions were expected to invoke different energy optimizing strategies in the up and down directions by allowing the distal joints the opportunity to contribute to end effector displacement. Primary movements undershot the farthest target to a greater extent in the downward direction compared to the upward direction, showing that movement kinematics optimize energy expenditure in consideration of the effects of gravity. As rod length increased, shoulder elevation was optimized in movements to the far-up target and elbow flexion was optimally minimized in movements to the far-down target. The results suggest energy optimization in the control of joint angles independent of the force of gravity.
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ISSN:0022-2895
1940-1027
DOI:10.1080/00222895.2016.1161592