No detection of CD4-independent human immunodeficiency virus 1 envelope glycoproteins in brain tissue of patients with or without neurological complications

• Published in: Archives of virology Vol. 164; no. 2; pp. 473 - 482
• Main Authors: Quitadamo, Briana, Peters, Paul J., Koch, Matthew, Luzuriaga, Katherine, Cheng-Mayer, Cecilia, Clapham, Paul R., Gonzalez-Perez, Maria Paz
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Vienna Springer Vienna 01.02.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Brain - metabolism; Brain - virology; CCR5 protein; CD4 antigen; CD4 Antigens - genetics; CD4 Antigens - metabolism; Glycoproteins; HIV; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 - genetics; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 - metabolism; HIV Infections - complications; HIV Infections - virology; HIV-1 - classification; HIV-1 - genetics; HIV-1 - isolation & purification; HIV-1 - metabolism; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Infections; Infectious Diseases; Macrophages; Macrophages - metabolism; Macrophages - virology; Medical Microbiology; Nervous System Diseases - diagnosis; Nervous System Diseases - etiology; Nervous System Diseases - virology; Neurological complications; Original; Original Article; Phylogeny; Receptors, CCR5 - genetics; Receptors, CCR5 - metabolism; Receptors, Virus - genetics; Receptors, Virus - metabolism; Tropism; Virology
• ISSN: 0304-8608; 1432-8798
• DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4094-1

Macrophage (mac)-tropic human immnunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immnunodeficiency virus (SIV) in brain are associated with neurological disease. Mac-tropic HIV-1 evolves enhanced CD4 interactions that enable macrophage infection via CD4, which is in low abundance. In contrast, mac-tropic SIV is associated with CD4-independent infection via direct CCR5 binding. Recently, mac-tropic simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) from macaque brain was also reported to infect cells via CCR5 without CD4. Since SHIV envelope proteins (Envs) are derived from HIV-1, we tested more than 100 HIV-1 clade B Envs for infection of CD4-negative, CCR5 + Cf2Th/CCR5 cells. However, no infection was detected. Our data suggest that there are differences in the evolution of mac-tropism in SIV and SHIV compared to HIV-1 clade B due to enhanced interactions with CCR5 and CD4, respectively.