Fully automatic and robust segmentation of the clinical target volume for radiotherapy of breast cancer using big data and deep learning

• Published in: Physica medica Vol. 50; pp. 13 - 19
• Main Authors: Men, Kuo, Zhang, Tao, Chen, Xinyuan, Chen, Bo, Tang, Yu, Wang, Shulian, Li, Yexiong, Dai, Jianrong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Italy Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2018
• Subjects: Automatic segmentation; Automation; Big data; Breast cancer radiotherapy; Breast Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging; Breast Neoplasms - radiotherapy; Clinical target volume; Deep learning; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods; Machine Learning; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted - methods; Time Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Deep learning; Big data; Automatic segmentation; Clinical target volume; Breast cancer radiotherapy
• ISSN: 1120-1797; 1724-191X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.05.006

•An auto-segmentation method for breast cancer radiotherapy was proposed.•It used big data and a very deep neural network.•It could improve the consistency and streamline radiotherapy workflows. To train and evaluate a very deep dilated residual network (DD-ResNet) for fast and consistent auto-segmentation of the clinical target volume (CTV) for breast cancer (BC) radiotherapy with big data. DD-ResNet was an end-to-end model enabling fast training and testing. We used big data comprising 800 patients who underwent breast-conserving therapy for evaluation. The CTV were validated by experienced radiation oncologists. We performed a fivefold cross-validation to test the performance of the model. The segmentation accuracy was quantified by the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and the Hausdorff distance (HD). The performance of the proposed model was evaluated against two different deep learning models: deep dilated convolutional neural network (DDCNN) and deep deconvolutional neural network (DDNN). Mean DSC values of DD-ResNet (0.91 and 0.91) were higher than the other two networks (DDCNN: 0.85 and 0.85; DDNN: 0.88 and 0.87) for both right-sided and left-sided BC. It also has smaller mean HD values of 10.5 mm and 10.7 mm compared with DDCNN (15.1 mm and 15.6 mm) and DDNN (13.5 mm and 14.1 mm). Mean segmentation time was 4 s, 21 s and 15 s per patient with DDCNN, DDNN and DD-ResNet, respectively. The DD-ResNet was also superior with regard to results in the literature. The proposed method could segment the CTV accurately with acceptable time consumption. It was invariant to the body size and shape of patients and could improve the consistency of target delineation and streamline radiotherapy workflows.