Simultaneous monitoring of sweat lactate content and sweat secretion rate by wearable remote biosensors

• Published in: Biosensors & bioelectronics Vol. 202; p. 113970
• Main Authors: Komkova, Maria A., Eliseev, Artem A., Poyarkov, Andrei A., Daboss, Elena V., Evdokimov, Pavel V., Eliseev, Andrei A., Karyakin, Arkady A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier B.V 15.04.2022
• Subjects: Artificial peroxidase; Biosensing Techniques - methods; Enzymes, Immobilized; Flow-sensitive sensor; Humans; Lactic Acid - analysis; Nanozyme; Non-invasive diagnostics; Prussian Blue; Sweat - chemistry; Sweating rate; Wearable Electronic Devices; Sweating rate; Nanozyme; Prussian Blue; Artificial peroxidase; Non-invasive diagnostics; Flow-sensitive sensor
• ISSN: 0956-5663; 1873-4235
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.113970

We report on the simultaneous monitoring of sweat lactate concentration and sweat secretion rate. For this aim lactate oxidase-Prussian Blue enzyme-nanozyme type lactate biosensors were elaborated. The use of siloxane-perfluorosulfonated ionomer composite membrane for enzyme-nanozyme immobilization results in the biosensor displaying flux independence in the whole range of physiological sweat secretion rates (0.025–2 μl cm-2 min-1). On the contrary, current response of the biosensor based on solely siloxane membranes becomes saturated at physiological sweat lactate concentration, depending mostly on the flow rate. Accordingly, for simultaneous monitoring of sweat lactate concentration and its secretion rate both flow-through biosensors were integrated with high-accuracy wearable electronic devices allowing real-time remote monitoring. As found, during exhaustive physical exercise sweat secretion rate and lactate content are independent of each other, thus, confirming that this excretory liquid is suitable for non-invasive diagnostics. [Display omitted] •Flow-independent enzyme-nanozyme lactate biosensors elaborated.•Wearable high-accuracy device for real-time remote metabolite monitoring designed.•The independence of sweat secretion rate and lactate content shown.