Standing genetic variation fuels rapid evolution of herbicide resistance in blackgrass
Repeated herbicide applications in agricultural fields exert strong selection on weeds such as blackgrass ( ), which is a major threat for temperate climate cereal crops. This inadvertent selection pressure provides an opportunity for investigating the underlying genetic mechanisms and evolutionary...
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Published in | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 120; no. 16; p. e2206808120 |
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Main Authors | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
Format | Journal Article |
Language | English |
Published |
United States
National Academy of Sciences
18.04.2023
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Subjects | |
Online Access | Get full text |
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Summary: | Repeated herbicide applications in agricultural fields exert strong selection on weeds such as blackgrass (
), which is a major threat for temperate climate cereal crops. This inadvertent selection pressure provides an opportunity for investigating the underlying genetic mechanisms and evolutionary processes of rapid adaptation, which can occur both through mutations in the direct targets of herbicides and through changes in other, often metabolic, pathways, known as non-target-site resistance. How much target-site resistance (TSR) relies on de novo mutations vs. standing variation is important for developing strategies to manage herbicide resistance. We first generated a chromosome-level reference genome for
for population genomic studies of herbicide resistance and genome-wide diversity across Europe in this species. Next, through empirical data in the form of highly accurate long-read amplicons of alleles encoding acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) variants, we showed that most populations with resistance due to TSR mutations-23 out of 27 and six out of nine populations for
and
, respectively-contained at least two TSR haplotypes, indicating that soft sweeps are the norm. Finally, through forward-in-time simulations, we inferred that TSR is likely to mainly result from standing genetic variation, with only a minor role for de novo mutations. |
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Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 1Present address: Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305. Contributed by Detlef Weigel; received April 19, 2022; accepted March 10, 2023; reviewed by Todd A. Gaines and Pleuni S. Pennings |
ISSN: | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
DOI: | 10.1073/pnas.2206808120 |