Dietary exposure to cadmium at close to the current provisional tolerable weekly intake does not affect renal function among female Japanese farmers

• Published in: Environmental research Vol. 95; no. 1; pp. 20 - 31
• Main Authors: Horiguchi, Hyogo, Oguma, Etsuko, Sasaki, Satoshi, Miyamoto, Kayoko, Ikeda, Yoko, Machida, Munehito, Kayama, Fujio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 01.05.2004; Elsevier
• Subjects: Adult; Age Factors; Agriculture; Biological and medical sciences; Body Burden; Cadmium; Cadmium - blood; Cadmium - pharmacokinetics; Cadmium - toxicity; Cadmium - urine; Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases; Creatine - urine; Diet; Female; Food Contamination; Globulins - urine; Humans; Japan; Kidney; Kidney Tubules - drug effects; Kidney Tubules - physiology; Maximum Tolerated Dose; Medical sciences; Metals and various inorganic compounds; Oryza - chemistry; Oryza sativa; PTWI; Regression Analysis; Toxicology; α1-microglobulin; β2-microglobulin; Asia; Japan; Cadmium; PTWI; α1-microglobulin; Kidney; β2-microglobulin; Human; Renal function; Respiratory disease; Toxicity; Oral administration; Japanese; Maximum permissible concentration; Female; Farmer; Daily dose; Public health; β2-Microglobulin
• ISSN: 0013-9351; 1096-0953
• DOI: 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00142-7

Dietary cadmium (Cd) exposure and renal tubular function were investigated in 1381 female farmers from five districts in Japan (Japanese Multi-centered Environmental Toxicant Study project; JMETS). Dietary Cd exposure of the five populations was assessed from the individual Cd concentrations of the rice consumed by the study participants and the quantities of rice consumed daily. The populations showed a sequential difference in dietary Cd exposure, ranging from a level as low as that of the general Japanese population to one close to the current provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI). The levels of urinary Cd excretion, an indicator of Cd accumulation in the kidneys, increased along the same sequential pattern as dietary Cd exposure. However, no differences were observed among the populations in levels of urinary α1-microglobulin and β2-microglobulin excretion, which are indicators of renal tubular function. These results indicate that the current PTWI is sufficient to prevent Cd-induced renal dysfunction among the general population.