Mechanistic studies of chemical looping desulfurization of Mn-based oxides using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy

•Mn sorbents remove H2S from hot syngas in chemical looping desulfurization process.•State of Mn followed by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.•Two-step mechanism explains the formation of SO2 under reducing conditions. Cleaning of producer gas from biomass gasification is...

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Published inApplied energy Vol. 113; pp. 1895 - 1901
Main Authors König, C.F.J., Nachtegaal, M., Seemann, M., Clemens, F., van Garderen, N., Biollaz, S.M.A., Schildhauer, T.J.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier Ltd 01.01.2014
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Abstract •Mn sorbents remove H2S from hot syngas in chemical looping desulfurization process.•State of Mn followed by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.•Two-step mechanism explains the formation of SO2 under reducing conditions. Cleaning of producer gas from biomass gasification is required for further processing, e.g. to avoid catalyst poisoning in subsequent conversion steps. High-temperature gas cleaning, of which sulfur removal is an important part, is a promising way to improve the overall efficiency of biomass conversion. In a high temperature “chemical looping desulfurization” process, a sorbent material, here manganese oxide, is cycled between producer gas from the gasifier to remove sulfur species, and an oxidizing atmosphere, in which the sulfur species are released as SO2. Alternatively, the use of such material as reactive bed material could be integrated into an allothermal dual fluidized bed gasifier. In a laboratory reactor, we subjected manganese-based materials to a periodically changing gas atmosphere, simulating a “chemical looping desulfurization” reactor. The “fuel reactor” gas contained H2, CO, CH4 and H2S, similar as in the producer gas, and the “oxidizing reactor” contained diluted O2. Mass spectrometry showed that most of the H2S is taken up by the sample in the “fuel reactor” part, while also some unwanted SO2 is generated in the “fuel reactor” part. Most of the sulfur is released in the oxidizing reactor. Simultaneous in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of the Mn materials during different stages of the chemical looping desulfurization process showed that the initial Mn3O4 is transformed in the presence of H2S to MnS via a MnO intermediate in the fuel reactor. Oxygen from the reduction of Mn3O4 oxidizes some H2S to the undesired SO2 in the fuel reactor. Upon exposure to O2, MnS is again oxidized to Mn3O4 via MnO, releasing SO2. The presence of CO and/or CH4 in the fuel reactor has no effect on this mechanism. Measuring the structure–performance relationship of gas cleaning materials with in situ methods will enable knowledge-based materials development for improved performance.
AbstractList •Mn sorbents remove H2S from hot syngas in chemical looping desulfurization process.•State of Mn followed by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.•Two-step mechanism explains the formation of SO2 under reducing conditions. Cleaning of producer gas from biomass gasification is required for further processing, e.g. to avoid catalyst poisoning in subsequent conversion steps. High-temperature gas cleaning, of which sulfur removal is an important part, is a promising way to improve the overall efficiency of biomass conversion. In a high temperature “chemical looping desulfurization” process, a sorbent material, here manganese oxide, is cycled between producer gas from the gasifier to remove sulfur species, and an oxidizing atmosphere, in which the sulfur species are released as SO2. Alternatively, the use of such material as reactive bed material could be integrated into an allothermal dual fluidized bed gasifier. In a laboratory reactor, we subjected manganese-based materials to a periodically changing gas atmosphere, simulating a “chemical looping desulfurization” reactor. The “fuel reactor” gas contained H2, CO, CH4 and H2S, similar as in the producer gas, and the “oxidizing reactor” contained diluted O2. Mass spectrometry showed that most of the H2S is taken up by the sample in the “fuel reactor” part, while also some unwanted SO2 is generated in the “fuel reactor” part. Most of the sulfur is released in the oxidizing reactor. Simultaneous in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of the Mn materials during different stages of the chemical looping desulfurization process showed that the initial Mn3O4 is transformed in the presence of H2S to MnS via a MnO intermediate in the fuel reactor. Oxygen from the reduction of Mn3O4 oxidizes some H2S to the undesired SO2 in the fuel reactor. Upon exposure to O2, MnS is again oxidized to Mn3O4 via MnO, releasing SO2. The presence of CO and/or CH4 in the fuel reactor has no effect on this mechanism. Measuring the structure–performance relationship of gas cleaning materials with in situ methods will enable knowledge-based materials development for improved performance.
Cleaning of producer gas from biomass gasification is required for further processing, e.g. to avoid catalyst poisoning in subsequent conversion steps. High-temperature gas cleaning, of which sulfur removal is an important part, is a promising way to improve the overall efficiency of biomass conversion. In a high temperature achemical looping desulfurizationa process, a sorbent material, here manganese oxide, is cycled between producer gas from the gasifier to remove sulfur species, and an oxidizing atmosphere, in which the sulfur species are released as SO2. Alternatively, the use of such material as reactive bed material could be integrated into an allothermal dual fluidized bed gasifier. In a laboratory reactor, we subjected manganese-based materials to a periodically changing gas atmosphere, simulating a achemical looping desulfurizationa reactor. The afuel reactora gas contained H2, CO, CH4 and H2S, similar as in the producer gas, and the aoxidizing reactora contained diluted O2. Mass spectrometry showed that most of the H2S is taken up by the sample in the afuel reactora part, while also some unwanted SO2 is generated in the afuel reactora part. Most of the sulfur is released in the oxidizing reactor. Simultaneous in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of the Mn materials during different stages of the chemical looping desulfurization process showed that the initial Mn3O4 is transformed in the presence of H2S to MnS via a MnO intermediate in the fuel reactor. Oxygen from the reduction of Mn3O4 oxidizes some H2S to the undesired SO2 in the fuel reactor. Upon exposure to O2, MnS is again oxidized to Mn3O4 via MnO, releasing SO2. The presence of CO and/or CH4 in the fuel reactor has no effect on this mechanism. Measuring the structureaperformance relationship of gas cleaning materials with in situ methods will enable knowledge-based materials development for improved performance.
Cleaning of producer gas from biomass gasification is required for further processing, e.g. to avoid catalyst poisoning in subsequent conversion steps. High-temperature gas cleaning, of which sulfur removal is an important part, is a promising way to improve the overall efficiency of biomass conversion. In a high temperature "chemical looping desulfurization" process, a sorbent material, here manganese oxide, is cycled between producer gas from the gasifier to remove sulfur species, and an oxidizing atmosphere, in which the sulfur species are released as SO2. Alternatively, the use of such material as reactive bed material could be integrated into an allothermal dual fluidized bed gasifier. In a laboratory reactor, we subjected manganese-based materials to a periodically changing gas atmosphere, simulating a "chemical looping desulfurization" reactor. The "fuel reactor" gas contained H2, CO, CH4 and H2S, similar as in the producer gas, and the "oxidizing reactor" contained diluted O2. Mass spectrometry showed that most of the H2S is taken up by the sample in the "fuel reactor" part, while also some unwanted SO2 is generated in the "fuel reactor" part. Most of the sulfur is released in the oxidizing reactor. Simultaneous in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) of the Mn materials during different stages of the chemical looping desulfurization process showed that the initial Mn3O4 is transformed in the presence of H2S to MnS via a MnO intermediate in the fuel reactor. Oxygen from the reduction of Mn3O4 oxidizes some H2S to the undesired SO2 in the fuel reactor. Upon exposure to O2, MnS is again oxidized to Mn3O4 via MnO, releasing SO2. The presence of CO and/or CH4 in the fuel reactor has no effect on this mechanism. Measuring the structure-performance relationship of gas cleaning materials with in situ methods will enable knowledge-based materials development for improved performance. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Author König, C.F.J.
van Garderen, N.
Schildhauer, T.J.
Clemens, F.
Nachtegaal, M.
Biollaz, S.M.A.
Seemann, M.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: C.F.J.
  surname: König
  fullname: König, C.F.J.
  organization: Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
– sequence: 2
  givenname: M.
  surname: Nachtegaal
  fullname: Nachtegaal, M.
  organization: Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
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  surname: Seemann
  fullname: Seemann, M.
  organization: Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden
– sequence: 4
  givenname: F.
  surname: Clemens
  fullname: Clemens, F.
  organization: Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
– sequence: 5
  givenname: N.
  surname: van Garderen
  fullname: van Garderen, N.
  organization: Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
– sequence: 6
  givenname: S.M.A.
  surname: Biollaz
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  organization: Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
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  givenname: T.J.
  surname: Schildhauer
  fullname: Schildhauer, T.J.
  email: tilman.schildhauer@psi.ch
  organization: Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
BackLink https://research.chalmers.se/publication/185000$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index
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Keywords Gas cleaning
Biomass
XAS
Chemical looping
Manganese
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Snippet •Mn sorbents remove H2S from hot syngas in chemical looping desulfurization process.•State of Mn followed by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy and mass...
Cleaning of producer gas from biomass gasification is required for further processing, e.g. to avoid catalyst poisoning in subsequent conversion steps....
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StartPage 1895
SubjectTerms Biomass
Chemical looping
Gas cleaning
Manganese
XAS
Title Mechanistic studies of chemical looping desulfurization of Mn-based oxides using in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.04.075
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1505347209
https://research.chalmers.se/publication/185000
Volume 113
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