High Temperatures and Cardiovascular-Related Morbidity: A Scoping Review

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 19; no. 18; p. 11243
• Main Authors: Cicci, Kendra R, Maltby, Alana, Clemens, Kristin K, Vicedo-Cabrera, Ana Maria, Gunz, Anna C, Lavigne, Éric, Wilk, Piotr
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 07.09.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Canada - epidemiology; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Cerebral infarction; Chronic illnesses; Congestive heart failure; Coronary artery disease; Emergency medical care; Emergency medical services; Gender; Heart diseases; Heart Failure; Heat; High temperature; Hospital costs; Hospitalization; Humans; Hypertension; Hypotension; Ischemia; Literature reviews; Morbidity; Mortality; Myocardial Infarction; Review; Risk factors; Systematic review; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Temperature; Urban areas; Canada; North America; Europe; extreme heat events; high temperatures; cardiovascular; morbidity; heat wave
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811243

The primary objective of this review was to synthesize studies assessing the relationships between high temperatures and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related hospital encounters (i.e., emergency department (ED) visits or hospitalizations) in urban Canada and other comparable populations, and to identify areas for future research. Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus were searched between 6 April and 11 April 2020, and on 21 March 2021, to identify articles examining the relationship between high temperatures and CVD-related hospital encounters. Studies involving patients with pre-existing CVD were also included. English language studies from North America and Europe were included. Twenty-two articles were included in the review. Studies reported an inconsistent association between high temperatures and ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure, dysrhythmia, and some cerebrovascular-related hospital encounters. There was consistent evidence that high temperatures may be associated with increased ED visits and hospitalizations related to total CVD, hyper/hypotension, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and ischemic stroke. Age, sex, and gender appear to modify high temperature-CVD morbidity relationships. Two studies examined the influence of pre-existing CVD on the relationship between high temperatures and morbidity. Pre-existing heart failure, AMI, and total CVD did not appear to affect the relationship, while evidence was inconsistent for pre-existing hypertension. There is inconsistent evidence that high temperatures are associated with CVD-related hospital encounters. Continued research on this topic is needed, particularly in the Canadian context and with a focus on individuals with pre-existing CVD.