Cases of Maxillofacial Trauma Treated at Hospitals in a Large City in Northeastern Brazil: Cross-Sectional Study

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 19; no. 24; p. 16999
• Main Authors: Barreto, Samuel Benson Lima, Castro, Gustavo Garcia, Carvalho, Ceci Nunes, Ferreira, Meire Coelho
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 17.12.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Accidents; Accidents, Traffic; Age groups; Aggression; Aggressive behavior; Aggressiveness; Brazil - epidemiology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Falls; Female; Fractures; Health services; Hospitals; Humans; Male; Males; Mandible; Mandibular Fractures; Maxillofacial; Maxillofacial Injuries - epidemiology; Maxillofacial Injuries - therapy; Maxillofacial surgery; Motorcycles; Population; Questionnaires; Retrospective Studies; Socioeconomic factors; Sports; Statistical analysis; Trauma; Urban areas; Brazil; United States > US; treatment; maxillofacial trauma; etiology
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416999

Maxillofacial trauma is associated with facial deformation, loss of function, emotional and social impacts, and high financial costs. This study investigated cases of maxillofacial trauma in a large Brazilian city through a cross-sectional study conducted at two public and two private hospitals. Primary data of 400 patients were collected through a questionnaire, clinical examination, and tomography. Statistical analysis at the 5% significance level was performed. Motorcycle accident was the major cause of trauma (41%); the most frequent trauma and treatment were mandibular fracture (24.3%) and surgery (71%), respectively. The female sex was more affected only regarding domestic accidents ( = 0.041) and falls ( < 0.001). Motorcycle accidents were more prevalent among 20 to 29 year-olds ( < 0.001), followed by physical aggression ( < 0.001) and sports accidents ( = 0.004). Falls were more frequent among 40 to 59 year-olds ( < 0.001). Mandibular fracture affected males and 20 to 29 year-olds more and was mainly associated with motorcycle accidents (48.2%) and physical aggression (22.7%) ( = 0.008). Nose fracture was more frequent in falls (29.6%), physical aggression (22.5%), and sports accidents (21.1%) ( < 0.001). Compound fracture was associated with motorcycle accidents (84.2%; = 0.028). Maxillofacial trauma (mandibular, nasal, and zygomatic fractures) was associated with motorcycle accidents, physical aggression, and falls. Surgical treatment, hospital care, and public services were the most frequent.