Silphium perfoliatum—A Herbaceous Crop with Increased Interest in Recent Years for Multi-Purpose Use

• Published in: Agriculture (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 12; p. 640
• Main Authors: Peni, Dumitru, Stolarski, Mariusz Jerzy, Bordiean, Anna, Krzyżaniak, Michał, Dębowski, Marcin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.12.2020
• Subjects: Agricultural production; agriculture; Alternative energy sources; Biodiversity; Biogas; Biomass; biomass yield; Crop yield; Crops; crude protein; Cultivation; cup plant; Drought; Dry matter; dry matter accumulation; energy; energy expenses; Europe; feedstocks; Fertilizers; Forage crops; Fossil fuels; Frost resistance; gas production (biological); medicine; North America; perennial energy crop; perennials; Pharmacology; Precipitation; Productivity; Renewable resources; Scientific papers; Seeds; Silphium perfoliatum; Soil properties; Soil quality; vegetation; Romania; United States > US; Europe; Ukraine; Belarus; Kazakhstan; North America; Russia; Czech Republic; Austria; China; Poland; Chile
• ISSN: 2077-0472; 2077-0472
• DOI: 10.3390/agriculture10120640

Silphium perfoliatum is a perennial crop native to North America that has been the subject of increased scientific interest in recent years, especially in Europe. It is drought- and frost-resistant, which makes it suitable for cultivation in Europe on marginal lands that are not used for growing other crops. This review analyzed the distribution and purposes of the cultivation of Silphium perfoliatum worldwide, as well as its biomass yields and characteristics as a feedstock for biogas production and other purposes. A total of 121 scientific publications on Silphium perfoliatum were identified, with the highest number (20 papers) published in 2019. It was found that higher biomass yields can be obtained at higher precipitation levels, with the use of fertilizers and an adequate type of plantation. The mean dry matter yield of Silphium perfoliatum was 13.3 Mg ha−1 DM (dry matter), and it ranged from 2 to over 32 Mg ha−1 DM. In some countries, Silphium is used as a forage crop mainly due to its high crude protein content (from 4.9% to 15% DM), depending on the vegetation phase. Silphium perfoliatum is a promising perennial crop in terms of energy and other benefits for biodiversity, soil quality and applications in medicine and pharmacology.