Comprehensive Review of Energy Storage Systems Characteristics and Models for Automotive Applications

• Published in: Batteries (Basel) Vol. 10; no. 3; p. 88
• Main Authors: Nkembi, Armel Asongu, Simonazzi, Marco, Santoro, Danilo, Cova, Paolo, Delmonte, Nicola
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.03.2024
• Subjects: Acids; Air pollution; Air quality management; Alternative energy sources; batteries; Battery industry; Capital costs; Carbon; Climate change; Electric vehicles; Electrification; Electrolytes; Electronic systems; Emissions; Energy consumption; Energy industry; Energy management systems; Energy resources; Energy storage; energy storage systems; Force and energy; Fossil fuels; Greenhouse gases; Hybrid modes; Hybrid systems; hydrogen storages; Lead; Nickel; Renewable resources; Storage systems; supercapacitors; Transportation networks; Transportation systems; Zinc; Canada; Netherlands; New Jersey
• ISSN: 2313-0105; 2313-0105
• DOI: 10.3390/batteries10030088

Currently, the electrification of transport networks is one of the initiatives being performed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the rapid advancement of power electronic systems for electrified transportation systems, their integration into the AC power grid generates a variety of quality issues in the electrical distribution system. Among the possible solutions to this challenge is the inclusion of continuous storage systems, which can be located either onboard or offboard. The rapid development of energy storage devices has enabled the creation of numerous solutions that are leading to ever-increasing energy consumption efficiency, particularly when two or more of these storage systems are linked in a cascade and a hybrid mode. The various energy storage systems that can be integrated into vehicle charging systems (cars, buses, and trains) are investigated in this study, as are their electrical models and the various hybrid storage systems that are available.