sEH-derived metabolites of linoleic acid drive pathologic inflammation while impairing key innate immune cell function in burn injury

• Published in: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS Vol. 119; no. 13; p. e2120691119
• Main Authors: Bergmann, Christian B, McReynolds, Cindy B, Wan, Debin, Singh, Nalin, Goetzman, Holly, Caldwell, Charles C, Supp, Dorothy M, Hammock, Bruce D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States National Academy of Sciences 29.03.2022
• Subjects: Ablation; Adipose tissue; Animals; Biological Sciences; Burn patients; Burns; Cell activation; COVID-19; Cytochrome; Cytochrome P450; Cytochromes P450; Cytokines; Cytotoxic agents; Cytotoxicity; Diet; Epoxide hydrolase; Epoxide Hydrolases - metabolism; Fatty acid composition; Fatty acids; Humans; Immune response; Immune system; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation - drug therapy; Injuries; Leukocytes (neutrophilic); Linoleic acid; Linoleic Acid - metabolism; Low concentrations; Macrophages; Metabolites; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Monocytes; Necrosis; Permeability; Phenylurea Compounds - pharmacology; Piperidines - pharmacology; Polyunsaturated fatty acids; Respiratory distress syndrome; Sepsis; Sepsis - drug therapy; Staphylococcal enterotoxin H; Urea; burn injury; soluble epoxide hydrolase; TPPU; DiHOME
• ISSN: 0027-8424; 1091-6490
• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120691119

Fatty acid composition in the Western diet has shifted from saturated to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and specifically to linoleic acid (LA, 18:2), which has gradually increased in the diet over the past 50 y to become the most abundant dietary fatty acid in human adipose tissue. PUFA-derived oxylipins regulate a variety of biological functions. The cytochrome P450 (CYP450)–formed epoxy fatty acid metabolites of LA (EpOMEs) are hydrolyzed by the soluble epoxide hydrolase enzyme (sEH) to dihydroxyoctadecenoic acids (DiHOMEs). DiHOMEs are considered cardioprotective at low concentrations but at higher levels have been implicated as vascular permeability and cytotoxic agents and are associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in severe COVID-19 patients. High EpOME levels have also correlated with sepsis-related fatalities; however, those studies failed to monitor DiHOME levels. Considering the overlap of burn pathophysiology with these pathologies, the role of DiHOMEs in the immune response to burn injury was investigated. 12,13-DiHOME was found to facilitate the maturation and activation of stimulated neutrophils, while impeding monocyte and macrophage functionality and cytokine generation. In addition, DiHOME serum concentrations were significantly elevated in burn-injured mice and these increases were ablated by administration of 1-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU), a sEH inhibitor. TPPU also reduced necrosis of innate and adaptive immune cells in burned mice, in a dose-dependent manner. The findings suggest DiHOMEs are a key driver of immune cell dysfunction in severe burn injury through hyperinflammatory neutrophilic and impaired monocytic actions, and inhibition of sEH might be a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate deleterious outcomes in burn patients.