Sizing of an Energy Storage System for Grid Inertial Response and Primary Frequency Reserve

• Published in: IEEE transactions on power systems Vol. 31; no. 5; pp. 3447 - 3456
• Main Authors: Knap, Vaclav, Chaudhary, Sanjay K., Stroe, Daniel-Ioan, Swierczynski, Maciej, Craciun, Bogdan-Ionut, Teodorescu, Remus
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York IEEE 01.09.2016; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
• Subjects: Alternative energy sources; Electric utilities; Electricity generation; Energy storage; Frequency response; inertia; Inertial; Mathematical models; Methodology; Penetration; Power system dynamics; Power system stability; primary frequency regulation; Reserves; Sizing; stability; Steady-state; Wind power; Wind power generation
• ISSN: 0885-8950; 1558-0679
• DOI: 10.1109/TPWRS.2015.2503565

Large-scale integration of renewable energy sources in power system leads to the replacement of conventional power plants (CPPs) and consequently challenges in power system reliability and security are introduced. This study is focused on improving the grid frequency response after a contingency event in the power system with a high penetration of wind power. An energy storage system (ESS) might be a viable solution for providing inertial response and primary frequency regulation. A methodology has been presented here for the sizing of the ESS in terms of required power and energy. It describes the contribution of the ESS to the grid, in terms of inertial constant and droop. The methodology is applied to a 12-bus grid model with high wind power penetration. The estimated ESS size for inertial response and primary frequency regulation services are validated through real-time simulations. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the ESS can provide the response similar to that provided by the CPPs.