Future Challenges in Cancer Resistance to Immunotherapy

Cancer immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T cell transfer and therapeutic cancer vaccines, have shown promising response rates in clinical trials. Unfortunately, there is an increasing number of patients in which initially regressing tumors start to regrow due to an immunothe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inCancers Vol. 12; no. 4; p. 935
Main Authors van Elsas, Marit J, van Hall, Thorbald, van der Burg, Sjoerd H
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 10.04.2020
MDPI
Subjects
Antigens
Cancer
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer therapies
Cancer vaccines
Clinical trials
Fibroblasts
Genotype & phenotype
Immune checkpoint
Immune system
Immunotherapy
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Melanoma
Neutrophils
Response rates
Review
T cell receptors
Tumors
Vaccines
primary resistance
secondary resistance
immunotherapy
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Summary:Cancer immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T cell transfer and therapeutic cancer vaccines, have shown promising response rates in clinical trials. Unfortunately, there is an increasing number of patients in which initially regressing tumors start to regrow due to an immunotherapy-driven acquired resistance. Studies on the underlying mechanisms reveal that these can be similar to well-known tumor intrinsic and extrinsic primary resistance factors that precluded the majority of patients from responding to immunotherapy in the first place. Here, we discuss primary and secondary immune resistance and point at strategies to identify potential new mechanisms of immune evasion. Ultimately, this may lead to improved immunotherapy strategies with improved clinical outcomes.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
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ObjectType-Review-1
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers12040935