Electrophoretic Determination of Trimethylamine (TMA) in Biological Samples as a Novel Potential Biomarker of Cardiovascular Diseases Methodological Approach

In competitive athletes, the differential diagnosis between nonpathological changes in cardiac morphology associated with training (commonly referred to as "athlete's heart") and certain cardiac diseases with the potential for sudden death is an important and not uncommon clinical pro...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inInternational journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 18; no. 23; p. 12318
Main Authors Konop, Marek, Rybka, Mateusz, Waraksa, Emilia, Laskowska, Anna K, Nowiński, Artur, Grzywacz, Tomasz, Karwowski, Wojciech J, Drapała, Adrian, Kłodzińska, Ewa Maria
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 23.11.2021
MDPI
Subjects
Athletes
Bioavailability
Biological properties
Biological samples
Biomarkers
Capillary electrophoresis
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis
Carnitine
Caustic soda
Choline
Chromatography
Circulatory system
Colon
Concept Paper
Coronary artery disease
Diet
Differential diagnosis
Disease
Eggs
Electric fields
Electrophoresis
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Heart
Heart diseases
High-throughput screening
Humans
Intestinal microflora
Laboratories
Meat
Metabolites
Methylamines
Microbiota
Trimethylamine
Veganism
Vegetarianism
Poland
capillary electrophoresis (CE)
determination of trimethylamine (TMA)
biomarkers
cardiovascular diseases in athletes
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract In competitive athletes, the differential diagnosis between nonpathological changes in cardiac morphology associated with training (commonly referred to as "athlete's heart") and certain cardiac diseases with the potential for sudden death is an important and not uncommon clinical problem. The use of noninvasive, fast, and cheap analytical techniques can help in making diagnostic differentiation and planning subsequent clinical strategies. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the onset and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Trimethylamine (TMA), a gut bacteria metabolite consisting of carnitine and choline, has recently emerged as a potentially toxic molecule to the circulatory system. The present work aims to develop a simple and cost-effective capillary electrophoresis-based method for the determination of TMA in biological samples. Analytical characteristics of the proposed method were evaluated through the study of its linearity (R > 0.9950) and the limit of detection and quantification (LOD = 1.2 µg/mL; LOQ = 3.6 µg/mL). The method shows great potential in high-throughput screening applications for TMA analysis in biological samples as a novel potential biomarker of cardiovascular diseases. The proposed electrophoretic method for the determination of TMA in biological samples from patients with cardiac disease is now in progress.
AbstractList In competitive athletes, the differential diagnosis between nonpathological changes in cardiac morphology associated with training (commonly referred to as “athlete’s heart”) and certain cardiac diseases with the potential for sudden death is an important and not uncommon clinical problem. The use of noninvasive, fast, and cheap analytical techniques can help in making diagnostic differentiation and planning subsequent clinical strategies. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the onset and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Trimethylamine (TMA), a gut bacteria metabolite consisting of carnitine and choline, has recently emerged as a potentially toxic molecule to the circulatory system. The present work aims to develop a simple and cost-effective capillary electrophoresis-based method for the determination of TMA in biological samples. Analytical characteristics of the proposed method were evaluated through the study of its linearity (R2 > 0.9950) and the limit of detection and quantification (LOD = 1.2 µg/mL; LOQ = 3.6 µg/mL). The method shows great potential in high-throughput screening applications for TMA analysis in biological samples as a novel potential biomarker of cardiovascular diseases. The proposed electrophoretic method for the determination of TMA in biological samples from patients with cardiac disease is now in progress.
In competitive athletes, the differential diagnosis between nonpathological changes in cardiac morphology associated with training (commonly referred to as "athlete's heart") and certain cardiac diseases with the potential for sudden death is an important and not uncommon clinical problem. The use of noninvasive, fast, and cheap analytical techniques can help in making diagnostic differentiation and planning subsequent clinical strategies. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the onset and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Trimethylamine (TMA), a gut bacteria metabolite consisting of carnitine and choline, has recently emerged as a potentially toxic molecule to the circulatory system. The present work aims to develop a simple and cost-effective capillary electrophoresis-based method for the determination of TMA in biological samples. Analytical characteristics of the proposed method were evaluated through the study of its linearity (R > 0.9950) and the limit of detection and quantification (LOD = 1.2 µg/mL; LOQ = 3.6 µg/mL). The method shows great potential in high-throughput screening applications for TMA analysis in biological samples as a novel potential biomarker of cardiovascular diseases. The proposed electrophoretic method for the determination of TMA in biological samples from patients with cardiac disease is now in progress.
In competitive athletes, the differential diagnosis between nonpathological changes in cardiac morphology associated with training (commonly referred to as “athlete’s heart”) and certain cardiac diseases with the potential for sudden death is an important and not uncommon clinical problem. The use of noninvasive, fast, and cheap analytical techniques can help in making diagnostic differentiation and planning subsequent clinical strategies. Recent studies have demonstrated the role of gut microbiota and their metabolites in the onset and the development of cardiovascular diseases. Trimethylamine (TMA), a gut bacteria metabolite consisting of carnitine and choline, has recently emerged as a potentially toxic molecule to the circulatory system. The present work aims to develop a simple and cost-effective capillary electrophoresis-based method for the determination of TMA in biological samples. Analytical characteristics of the proposed method were evaluated through the study of its linearity (R 2 > 0.9950) and the limit of detection and quantification (LOD = 1.2 µg/mL; LOQ = 3.6 µg/mL). The method shows great potential in high-throughput screening applications for TMA analysis in biological samples as a novel potential biomarker of cardiovascular diseases. The proposed electrophoretic method for the determination of TMA in biological samples from patients with cardiac disease is now in progress.
Author Drapała, Adrian
Rybka, Mateusz
Waraksa, Emilia
Karwowski, Wojciech J
Kłodzińska, Ewa Maria
Nowiński, Artur
Laskowska, Anna K
Konop, Marek
Grzywacz, Tomasz
AuthorAffiliation 2 Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Institute of Sport—National Research Institute, 01-879 Warsaw, Poland; emilia.waraksa@insp.waw.pl
5 Department of Measurement and Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 02-106 Kraków, Poland; wojciech.karwowski@saintlazarus.pl
1 Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; mateuszrybka@mp.pl (M.R.); art.nowinski@gmail.com (A.N.); adrapala@wum.edu.pl (A.D.)
4 Department of Sport, Institute of Physical Culture, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; tomasz.grzywacz@insp.waw.pl
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; anna.laskowska@wum.edu.pl
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 2 Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Institute of Sport—National Research Institute, 01-879 Warsaw, Poland; emilia.waraksa@insp.waw.pl
– name: 3 Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; anna.laskowska@wum.edu.pl
– name: 5 Department of Measurement and Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 02-106 Kraków, Poland; wojciech.karwowski@saintlazarus.pl
– name: 4 Department of Sport, Institute of Physical Culture, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland; tomasz.grzywacz@insp.waw.pl
– name: 1 Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; mateuszrybka@mp.pl (M.R.); art.nowinski@gmail.com (A.N.); adrapala@wum.edu.pl (A.D.)
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Marek
  orcidid: 0000-0002-3914-6934
  surname: Konop
  fullname: Konop, Marek
  organization: Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Mateusz
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0204-6101
  surname: Rybka
  fullname: Rybka, Mateusz
  organization: Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Emilia
  surname: Waraksa
  fullname: Waraksa, Emilia
  organization: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, 01-879 Warsaw, Poland
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Anna K
  surname: Laskowska
  fullname: Laskowska, Anna K
  organization: Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1B, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Artur
  surname: Nowiński
  fullname: Nowiński, Artur
  organization: Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Tomasz
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5398-6497
  surname: Grzywacz
  fullname: Grzywacz, Tomasz
  organization: Department of Sport, Institute of Physical Culture, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Wojciech J
  surname: Karwowski
  fullname: Karwowski, Wojciech J
  organization: Department of Measurement and Electronics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, AGH University of Science and Technology, 02-106 Kraków, Poland
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Adrian
  surname: Drapała
  fullname: Drapała, Adrian
  organization: Department of Experimental Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
– sequence: 9
  givenname: Ewa Maria
  orcidid: 0000-0002-9931-5808
  surname: Kłodzińska
  fullname: Kłodzińska, Ewa Maria
  organization: Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Institute of Sport-National Research Institute, 01-879 Warsaw, Poland
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34886043$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark eNpdkU1vEzEQhi1URD_gzA1Z4lIOoeO14929IIW0BaQWkAjn1cSedB2868XeROqP4b_WoSUqlUey5Xnm9byeY3bQh54Yey3gvZQ1nLk1xaEVVSFFjuoZOxJaw0RpEAePzofsOKU1gKyUrl-wQ6mqSoOSR-zPhSczxjC0IdLoDD-nkWLnehxd6HlY8UV0HY3trcd8S_x0cT17x13PP7rgw40z6PkP7AZPiWMO_jVsyfPvYaR-dDmZuQ7jL4o7sTlG68IWk9l4jPzcJcKUK6_zC8HuBWfDEAOa9iV7vkKf6NXDfsJ-Xl4s5p8nV98-fZnPriZGFWKcCIQCl1YD6KlQ0lZiBWC1xsIWAkmQXoJV2uaVP2PHoDa21CWggnK6lCfsw73usFl2ZE1uPaJvhmwd420T0DX_Z3rXNjdh21R6qsuyzgKnDwIx_N5QGpvOJUPeY09hk5pCQzVVoCvI6Nsn6DpsYp_t_aWglrUqM3V2T5kYUoq02jcjoNmNvnky-lzx5rGHPf9v1vIOIC6vog
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_3390_separations10070387
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.121
10.1186/1743-7075-7-30
10.1016/S0925-4005(97)80295-X
10.1038/s41467-017-00900-1
10.1016/0304-4165(66)90382-5
10.1002/elps.201800331
10.3390/molecules24101916
10.1093/jn/121.4.539
10.1111/j.1574-6968.1982.tb00060.x
10.3945/ajcn.116.131771
10.1002/bmc.3234
10.3945/jn.114.209296
10.1146/annurev-micro-091014-104422
10.3390/nano8020099
10.1073/pnas.1215689109
10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00228-5
10.1081/JLC-120025597
10.1007/s00216-019-01716-2
10.3390/toxins11090490
10.1016/S0021-9673(03)01296-2
10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.086
10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.059
10.1039/b211895e
10.1007/s00394-016-1296-8
10.1016/j.cmet.2014.10.006
10.1016/S0003-2670(02)01431-9
10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602725
10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.003
10.3390/nu12051330
10.1038/nm.3145
10.3390/nu9070711
10.1016/S0378-4347(98)00542-8
10.1002/bies.200900152
10.1002/jssc.200400076
10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16062
10.1093/toxsci/kfv114
10.1002/bio.1006
10.1016/j.cca.2005.09.004
10.1017/erm.2016.6
10.1039/a700547d
10.1111/apm.13038
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
2021 by the authors. 2021
Copyright_xml – notice: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
– notice: 2021 by the authors. 2021
DBID CGR
CUY
CVF
ECM
EIF
NPM
AAYXX
CITATION
3V.
7X7
7XB
88E
8C1
8FI
8FJ
8FK
ABUWG
AFKRA
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
K9.
M0S
M1P
PIMPY
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
7X8
5PM
DOI 10.3390/ijerph182312318
DatabaseName Medline
MEDLINE
MEDLINE (Ovid)
MEDLINE
MEDLINE
PubMed
CrossRef
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Public Health Database
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)
PML(ProQuest Medical Library)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DatabaseTitle MEDLINE
Medline Complete
MEDLINE with Full Text
PubMed
MEDLINE (Ovid)
CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest Public Health
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Central
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
Health Research Premium Collection
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef
MEDLINE
Publicly Available Content Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: NPM
  name: PubMed
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 2
  dbid: EIF
  name: MEDLINE
  url: https://proxy.k.utb.cz/login?url=https://www.webofscience.com/wos/medline/basic-search
  sourceTypes: Index Database
– sequence: 3
  dbid: 7X7
  name: ProQuest_Health & Medical Collection
  url: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Public Health
EISSN 1660-4601
ExternalDocumentID 10_3390_ijerph182312318
34886043
Genre Journal Article
GeographicLocations Poland
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Poland
GroupedDBID ---
29J
2WC
2XV
3V.
53G
5GY
5VS
7X7
7XC
88E
8C1
8FE
8FG
8FH
8FI
8FJ
8R4
8R5
A8Z
AADQD
AAFWJ
AAHBH
ABJCF
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACGOD
ACIWK
ADBBV
AENEX
AFKRA
AFRAH
AFZYC
AHMBA
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AOIJS
ATCPS
AZQEC
BAWUL
BCNDV
BENPR
BHPHI
BPHCQ
BVXVI
CCPQU
CGR
CS3
CUY
CVF
DIK
DU5
E3Z
EBD
EBS
ECM
EIF
EJD
EMB
EMOBN
ESTFP
F5P
FYUFA
GROUPED_DOAJ
GX1
HCIFZ
HH5
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
IEP
KQ8
L6V
M1P
M2P
M48
M7S
MODMG
M~E
NPM
O5R
O5S
OK1
P2P
PATMY
PGMZT
PIMPY
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PYCSY
Q2X
RIG
RNS
RPM
SV3
TR2
UKHRP
XSB
AAYXX
CITATION
7XB
8FK
DWQXO
K9.
PQEST
PQUKI
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c421t-1a02abd60065143d81f00d66a2d21ae1e6b0d46d6d66016514a6cd7670a4075b3
IEDL.DBID RPM
ISSN 1660-4601
1661-7827
IngestDate Tue Sep 17 21:22:40 EDT 2024
Fri Oct 25 02:54:28 EDT 2024
Thu Oct 31 21:40:59 EDT 2024
Thu Sep 26 21:08:10 EDT 2024
Sat Sep 28 08:22:08 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 23
Keywords capillary electrophoresis (CE)
determination of trimethylamine (TMA)
biomarkers
cardiovascular diseases in athletes
Language English
License Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c421t-1a02abd60065143d81f00d66a2d21ae1e6b0d46d6d66016514a6cd7670a4075b3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0003-0204-6101
0000-0002-3914-6934
0000-0002-5398-6497
0000-0002-9931-5808
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8656779/
PMID 34886043
PQID 2608093947
PQPubID 54923
ParticipantIDs pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_8656779
proquest_miscellaneous_2608540680
proquest_journals_2608093947
crossref_primary_10_3390_ijerph182312318
pubmed_primary_34886043
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20211123
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2021-11-23
PublicationDate_xml – month: 11
  year: 2021
  text: 20211123
  day: 23
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Switzerland
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Switzerland
– name: Basel
PublicationTitle International journal of environmental research and public health
PublicationTitleAlternate Int J Environ Res Public Health
PublicationYear 2021
Publisher MDPI AG
MDPI
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
– name: MDPI
References (ref_23) 2006; 1104
Lee (ref_22) 2006; 365
Turiel (ref_32) 2005; 28
Seim (ref_11) 1982; 15
Siddiqi (ref_20) 2003; 60
ref_33
Koeth (ref_13) 2013; 19
Zheng (ref_39) 2016; 104
Nagata (ref_43) 2015; 145
Koeth (ref_12) 2014; 20
Loechel (ref_19) 2003; 128
Mills (ref_15) 1999; 723
Jastrzebska (ref_16) 2003; 1016
ref_37
Rebouche (ref_8) 1991; 121
Huang (ref_25) 2003; 26
Craciun (ref_9) 2012; 109
(ref_21) 1997; 122
Dalmeijer (ref_42) 2008; 62
Zhu (ref_45) 2020; 128
(ref_24) 2004; 1023
Bertoia (ref_38) 2014; 269
Gupta (ref_18) 1997; 41
Li (ref_26) 2007; 22
Stolz (ref_29) 2019; 40
Unemoto (ref_10) 1966; 121
Adhoum (ref_17) 2003; 478
Mazzarino (ref_35) 2015; 147
Gaur (ref_2) 2016; 18
(ref_28) 2010; 32
Gaci (ref_3) 2014; 20
ref_44
Flanagan (ref_7) 2010; 7
ref_1
Bidulescu (ref_41) 2007; 4
Jie (ref_36) 2017; 8
Li (ref_14) 2004; 1041
ref_27
Sieradzka (ref_30) 2014; 28
Yue (ref_31) 2013; 1311
Aznar (ref_34) 2019; 411
Millard (ref_40) 2018; 57
ref_5
Falony (ref_4) 2015; 69
ref_6
References_xml – volume: 1104
  start-page: 40
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_23
  article-title: An evaluation of solid phase microextraction for aliphatic amines using derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate and liquid chromatography
  publication-title: J. Chromatogr. A
  doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.11.121
– volume: 7
  start-page: 30
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_7
  article-title: Role of carnitine in disease
  publication-title: Nutr. Metab.
  doi: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-30
  contributor:
    fullname: Flanagan
– volume: 4
  start-page: 1
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_41
  article-title: Usual choline and betaine dietary intake and incident coronary heart disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
  publication-title: BMC Cardiovasc. Disord.
  contributor:
    fullname: Bidulescu
– ident: ref_5
– volume: 41
  start-page: 199
  year: 1997
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: Manganese phthalocyanine for the detection of fish freshness by its trimethylamine emission
  publication-title: Sens. Actuators B Chem.
  doi: 10.1016/S0925-4005(97)80295-X
  contributor:
    fullname: Gupta
– volume: 8
  start-page: 845
  year: 2017
  ident: ref_36
  article-title: The gut microbiome in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
  publication-title: Nat. Commun.
  doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00900-1
  contributor:
    fullname: Jie
– volume: 269
  start-page: 29
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_38
  article-title: Plasma homocysteine, dietary B vitamins, betaine, and choline andrisk of peripheral artery disease
  publication-title: Atherosclerosis
  contributor:
    fullname: Bertoia
– volume: 121
  start-page: 220
  year: 1966
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: Formation of trimethylamine from dl-carnitine by Serratia marcescens
  publication-title: Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA Gen. Subj.
  doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(66)90382-5
  contributor:
    fullname: Unemoto
– volume: 40
  start-page: 79
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_29
  article-title: Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry: Instrumentation, methodology and applications
  publication-title: Electrophoresis
  doi: 10.1002/elps.201800331
  contributor:
    fullname: Stolz
– ident: ref_27
  doi: 10.3390/molecules24101916
– volume: 121
  start-page: 539
  year: 1991
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: Metabolic fate of dietary carnitine in human adults: Identification and quantification of urinary and fecal metabolites
  publication-title: J. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1093/jn/121.4.539
  contributor:
    fullname: Rebouche
– volume: 15
  start-page: 165
  year: 1982
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: Splitting of the C-N bond in carnitine by an enzyme (trimethylamine forming) from membranes of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus
  publication-title: FEMS Microbiol. Lett.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1982.tb00060.x
  contributor:
    fullname: Seim
– volume: 104
  start-page: 173
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_39
  article-title: Dietary phosphatidylcholine and risk of all-cause and cardiovascular-specific mortality among US women and men
  publication-title: Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
  doi: 10.3945/ajcn.116.131771
  contributor:
    fullname: Zheng
– volume: 28
  start-page: 1507
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_30
  article-title: The application of capillary electrophoresis techniques in toxicological analysis
  publication-title: Biomed. Chromatogr.
  doi: 10.1002/bmc.3234
  contributor:
    fullname: Sieradzka
– volume: 145
  start-page: 1787
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_43
  article-title: Choline and betaine intakes are not associated with cardiovascular disease mortality risk in Japanese men and women
  publication-title: J. Nutr.
  doi: 10.3945/jn.114.209296
  contributor:
    fullname: Nagata
– volume: 69
  start-page: 305
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: Microbiology Meets Big Data: The Case of Gut Microbiota-Derived Trimethylamine
  publication-title: Annu. Rev. Microbiol.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-micro-091014-104422
  contributor:
    fullname: Falony
– ident: ref_33
  doi: 10.3390/nano8020099
– volume: 109
  start-page: 21307
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_9
  article-title: Microbial conversion of choline to trimethylamine requires a glycyl radical enzyme
  publication-title: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
  doi: 10.1073/pnas.1215689109
  contributor:
    fullname: Craciun
– volume: 60
  start-page: 1197
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_20
  article-title: Rapid, selective and direct spectrophotometeric determination of aliphatic amines with m-dinitrobenzene
  publication-title: Talanta
  doi: 10.1016/S0039-9140(03)00228-5
  contributor:
    fullname: Siddiqi
– volume: 26
  start-page: 3387
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_25
  article-title: Indirect Fluorescence of Amines in Capillary Electrophoresis, Using Cresyl Violet
  publication-title: J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol.
  doi: 10.1081/JLC-120025597
  contributor:
    fullname: Huang
– volume: 411
  start-page: 2697
  year: 2019
  ident: ref_34
  article-title: Screening gut microbial trimethylamine production by fast and cost-effective capillary electrophoresis
  publication-title: Anal. Bioanal. Chem.
  doi: 10.1007/s00216-019-01716-2
  contributor:
    fullname: Aznar
– ident: ref_1
  doi: 10.3390/toxins11090490
– volume: 1016
  start-page: 1
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: Determination of volatile aliphatic amines in air by solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography with flame ionization detection
  publication-title: J. Chromatogr. A
  doi: 10.1016/S0021-9673(03)01296-2
  contributor:
    fullname: Jastrzebska
– volume: 1311
  start-page: 176
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_31
  article-title: Water-compatible surface molecularly imprinted silica nanoparticles as pseudostationary phase in electrokinetic chromatography for the enantioseparation of tryptophan
  publication-title: J. Chromatogr. A
  doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.086
  contributor:
    fullname: Yue
– volume: 1041
  start-page: 1
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: Novel fiber coated with amide bridged-calix[4]arene used for solid-phase microextraction of aliphatic amines
  publication-title: J. Chromatogr. A
  doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2004.04.059
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– volume: 128
  start-page: 166
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_19
  article-title: Using trimethylamine dehydrogenase in an enzyme linked amperometric electrode. Part 1. Wild-type enzyme redox mediation
  publication-title: Analyst
  doi: 10.1039/b211895e
  contributor:
    fullname: Loechel
– volume: 57
  start-page: 51
  year: 2018
  ident: ref_40
  article-title: Dietary choline and betaine; associations with subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease risk and incidence of CVD, coronary heart disease and stroke: The Jackson Heart Study
  publication-title: Eur. J. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1007/s00394-016-1296-8
  contributor:
    fullname: Millard
– volume: 20
  start-page: 799
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_12
  article-title: γ-butyrobetaine is a proatherogenic intermediate in gut microbial metabolism of L-carnitine to TMAO
  publication-title: Cell Metab.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.10.006
  contributor:
    fullname: Koeth
– volume: 478
  start-page: 53
  year: 2003
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: Flow injection potentiometric detection of trimethylamine in seafood using tungsten oxide electrode
  publication-title: Anal. Chim. Acta
  doi: 10.1016/S0003-2670(02)01431-9
  contributor:
    fullname: Adhoum
– volume: 62
  start-page: 386
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_42
  article-title: Prospective study on dietary intakes of folate, betaine, and choline and cardiovascular disease risk in women
  publication-title: Eur. J. Clin. Nutr.
  doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602725
  contributor:
    fullname: Dalmeijer
– ident: ref_6
– volume: 1023
  start-page: 27
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_24
  article-title: Liquid chromatographic determination of trimethylamine in water
  publication-title: J. Chromatogr. A
  doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.003
– ident: ref_44
  doi: 10.3390/nu12051330
– volume: 19
  start-page: 576
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: Intestinal microbiota metabolism of l-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis
  publication-title: Nat. Med.
  doi: 10.1038/nm.3145
  contributor:
    fullname: Koeth
– ident: ref_37
  doi: 10.3390/nu9070711
– volume: 723
  start-page: 281
  year: 1999
  ident: ref_15
  article-title: Quantitative determination of trimethylamine in urine by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
  publication-title: J. Chromatogr. B Biomed. Sci. Appl.
  doi: 10.1016/S0378-4347(98)00542-8
  contributor:
    fullname: Mills
– volume: 32
  start-page: 218
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_28
  article-title: Electrophoresis today and tomorrow: Helping biologists’ dreams come true
  publication-title: Bioessays
  doi: 10.1002/bies.200900152
– volume: 28
  start-page: 719
  year: 2005
  ident: ref_32
  article-title: Molecular imprinting technology in capillary electrochromatography
  publication-title: J. Sep. Sci.
  doi: 10.1002/jssc.200400076
  contributor:
    fullname: Turiel
– volume: 20
  start-page: 16062
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_3
  article-title: Archaea and the human gut: New beginning of an old story
  publication-title: World J. Gastroenterol.
  doi: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16062
  contributor:
    fullname: Gaci
– volume: 147
  start-page: 104
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_35
  article-title: Nanoparticles made from xyloglucan-block-polycaprolactone copolymers: Safety assessment for drug delivery
  publication-title: Toxicol. Sci.
  doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv114
  contributor:
    fullname: Mazzarino
– volume: 22
  start-page: 588
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_26
  article-title: Determination of trimethylamine in fish by capillary electrophoresis with electrogenerated tris(2,2’-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) chemiluminescence detection
  publication-title: Luminescence
  doi: 10.1002/bio.1006
  contributor:
    fullname: Li
– volume: 365
  start-page: 264
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_22
  article-title: Validation of (1)H NMR spectroscopy as an analytical tool for methylamine metabolites in urine
  publication-title: Clin. Chim. Acta
  doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2005.09.004
  contributor:
    fullname: Lee
– volume: 18
  start-page: e8
  year: 2016
  ident: ref_2
  article-title: The complex metabolism of trimethylamine in humans: Endogenous and exogenous sources
  publication-title: Expert Rev. Mol. Med.
  doi: 10.1017/erm.2016.6
  contributor:
    fullname: Gaur
– volume: 122
  start-page: 663
  year: 1997
  ident: ref_21
  article-title: Determination of Trimethylamine in Fish by Pervaporation and Photometric Detection
  publication-title: Analyst
  doi: 10.1039/a700547d
– volume: 128
  start-page: 353
  year: 2020
  ident: ref_45
  article-title: Gut microbiota in atherosclerosis: Focus on trimethylamine N-oxide
  publication-title: APMIS
  doi: 10.1111/apm.13038
  contributor:
    fullname: Zhu
SSID ssj0038469
Score 2.3440008
Snippet In competitive athletes, the differential diagnosis between nonpathological changes in cardiac morphology associated with training (commonly referred to as...
SourceID pubmedcentral
proquest
crossref
pubmed
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Index Database
StartPage 12318
SubjectTerms Athletes
Bioavailability
Biological properties
Biological samples
Biomarkers
Capillary electrophoresis
Cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular Diseases - diagnosis
Carnitine
Caustic soda
Choline
Chromatography
Circulatory system
Colon
Concept Paper
Coronary artery disease
Diet
Differential diagnosis
Disease
Eggs
Electric fields
Electrophoresis
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Heart
Heart diseases
High-throughput screening
Humans
Intestinal microflora
Laboratories
Meat
Metabolites
Methylamines
Microbiota
Trimethylamine
Veganism
Vegetarianism
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: ProQuest Technology Collection
  dbid: 8FG
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1NbxMxEB1BuVRCCCgtCwUZiUM5WPXHxnZOKGobKqRUSE2l3lZ27Kip2t3QpPwb_isz8W4grYR2b5790vN6nj3jNwCf-yIqFVTiItrIy2lQvO-U58qRVowzXgXajTw6M6cX5ffL3mW74LZo0yq7MXE1UMdmQmvkh8i78XLdL-3X-U9OVaMoutqW0HgKz6SyliZfbvitG4k1-laivxJ9EEdPaLO0j8Zp_uHsOuF3SAqC4ek2vdIjqvkwY_IfFzR8CS9a7sgGGexX8CTVr-F5XnhjeT_RDvw-yYVt5ld5gyI77hJeCALWTNmYFP0RH-wLSDHZwXg0-MJmNctlKQk0du5JNHjBPJ7srPmVbtiPZkmJRdiIdreU1HNHNzvayGdlxznes2CjVWXq9Q0HrXT5G7gYnoyPTnlbg4FPSiWXXHqhfIiGqApSq-jkVIhoEMOopE8ymSBiaSIeJOyCNt5MojVWeJwq9oLeha26qdNbYLq0LqBvRCNT2t4kOIp5ej1NyBKcCQUcdBhU8yy1UeEUheCqHsBVwH6HUdX-c4vqbw8p4NO6Gf8WCoH4OjX32QY5qnGigL0M6fpZGscyI0pdgN0Ae21AStybLfXsaqXIjd9krO2_-_9rvYdtRRkxUnKl92FreXefPiClWYaPq377ByIh9-M
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
– databaseName: Scholars Portal Open Access Journals
  dbid: M48
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1LbxMxEB5BkVClCvFmoSAjcSgHg-11bOeAUNSHKqRUSCRSbys7dtSgstsmKYIfw39lJs4upPSEsjdPnMc3q_lmZ_wNwJu-iEoFlbiINnI9DYr3nfJcOdKKccarQKeRhyfmeKw_nfZO_4wDWv-BixtTO5onNZ6fv_tx-fMj3vAfKOPElP397GvC7ySpoIWXuw13lMY0nfr4dFdSKDHQEheWGJA4hkWbdX5u2mAb7pbo10bocjNa_UNBr3dS_hWaju7DvTWnZIPsBA_gVqofwk5-IMfyOaNH8OswD7y5OMsHF9lB2whD0LBmykak9I-4oY8g9WR7o-HgLZvVLI-rJDDZF09iwgvm8WInzfd0zj43S2o4wkW0-0bNPnPabH-jz5Ud5DrQgg1XE6u7DQdrSfPHMD46HO0f8_VsBj7RSi659EL5EA1RGKRc0cmpENEgtlFJn2QyQURtIr5I8AVtvJlEa6zwmEL2QvkEtuqmTs-Aldq6gDETjYy2vUlwVAv15TQhe3AmFLDXYlBdZAmOClMXQq66hlwBuy1GVetKFWZs6HhlX9sCXnfLeBdRacTXqbnKNshdjRMFPM2Qdp_V-kIBdgPszoAUujdX6tnZSqkbf5Oxtv_8v9_5ArYVNdFIyVW5C1vL-VV6iSxoGV6tvPs3UTII9g
  priority: 102
  providerName: Scholars Portal
Title Electrophoretic Determination of Trimethylamine (TMA) in Biological Samples as a Novel Potential Biomarker of Cardiovascular Diseases Methodological Approach
URI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34886043
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2608093947
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2608540680
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC8656779
Volume 18
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV3fa9swED7a7mUwxn7PWxc02EP34MaSHUl5zNJkZeAQthTyZqRIoRmNHZq0_03_191Zdli6txFjMLrYhu_s-876dAfwpZ84IazwceKUi7OlFXFfCxMLTbVitDTC0mrkfCIvr7If8978CHrtWphatL-wq_PyZn1erq5rbeVmvei2OrHuNB9qJCFK9bvHcIwO2qbo4fWbYkAlzssx8MQY_lSo55Nibt9d_fZ485xmvnCjVn0p-q9MsvQwKv1DNR8rJv8KQeMX8LzhjmwQ7vElHPnyFTwLH95YWE_0Gh5GobHN5josUGQXreCFIGDVks2ooj_ig76AFJOdzfLBV7YqWWhLSaCxX4aKBm-ZwY1Nqnt_w6bVjoRFOIh2axL13NLJhgd6VnYR5nu2LK87U-9POGhKl7-Bq_FoNryMmx4M8SITfBdzkwhjnSSqgtTKab5MEicRQye48dxLm7hMOvxRYRe0MXLhlFSJwVSxZ9O3cFJWpX8PLM2Uthgb0UhmqrewmuY8Tbr0yBK0tBGctRgUm1Bqo8AUhZArHiEXwWmLUdE8c9sCMzN0sLSfqQg-74fxaaEpEFP66i7YIEeVOongXYB0f63WFyJQB2DvDagS9-EIOmhdkbtxyA___c-P8FSQWIbzWKSncLK7vfOfkO3sbAd9fK5wr4ec9uPvHXjybTSZ_sSjPNOd2vv_AEqpBgg
link.rule.ids 230,315,730,783,787,888,2228,12068,12235,12777,21400,24330,27936,27937,31731,31732,33278,33279,33385,33386,33756,33757,43322,43591,43612,43817,53804,53806,74073,74342,74363,74630
linkProvider National Library of Medicine
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1LbxMxELagHEBCqLzKQgEjcSgHq37Fdk5V1DYEaCIkUqm3lR07ahDdTZu0_6b_lZl4N5Aiod2bZ1_6vJ7PnvE3hHzs8ihlkInxaCPT0yBZ10nPpEOtGGe8DLgbeTgyg1P99axz1iy4LZq0ynZMXA3UsZ7gGvk-8G64XHW1PZhfMqwahdHVpoTGffJAK_DVuFO8_7kdiRX4VqS_AnwQA09os7SPgmn-_uxngu8QGASD0216pX-o5t2Myb9cUH-bPGm4I-1lsJ-Se6l6Rh7nhTea9xM9J7fHubDN_DxvUKRHbcILQkDrKR2joj_gA30BKCbdGw97n-isorksJYJGf3gUDV5QDycd1TfpF_1eLzGxCBrB7gKTeq7wZocb-az0KMd7FnS4qky9vmGvkS5_QU77x-PDAWtqMLCJlmLJhOfSh2iQqgC1ik5MOY8GMIxS-CSSCTxqE-FAYRew8WYSrbHcw1SxE9RLslXVVXpFqNLWBfCNYGS07UyCw5inV9MELMGZUJC9FoNynqU2SpiiIFzlHbgKsttiVDb_3KL800MK8mHdDH8LhkB8lerrbAMc1ThekJ0M6fpZCsYyw7UqiN0Ae22AStybLdXsfKXIDd9krO2-_v9rvScPB-PhSXnyZfTtDXkkMTtGCCbVLtlaXl2nt0BvluHdqg__Bs0v-sU
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1bixMxFA66gggi3h1dNYIP60Nobk3SJyntlvXSsmAX9m1Imgxb0Zm67fpv_K-e00xHu4LMvOXMjS-T8yXnyzmEvB3wKGWQifFoI9NVkGzgpGfSYa4YZ7wMuBt5OjMnZ_rjef-81T-tW1nlbkzcDtSxWeAaeQ94N1yuBtr2qlYWcTqevF_9YFhBCiOtbTmNm-QWeEWN1QzcqJN7KPCzSIUF-CMGXtHmND8Kpvy95dcE3yQwIAan2_dQ_9DO6-rJv9zR5D651_JIOszAPyA3Uv2Q3M2LcDTvLXpEfh3nIjeri7xZkY534heEgzYVnWN2f8AK-gXQTXo0nw7f0WVNc4lKBJB-8ZhAeE09nHTW_Ezf6GmzQZERNILddxT4XOLNRnvaVjrOsZ81nW6rVHc3HLZpzB-Ts8nxfHTC2noMbKGl2DDhufQhGqQtQLOiExXn0QCeUQqfRDKBR20iHJjkBWy8WURrLPcwbewH9YQc1E2dnhGqtHUB_CQYGW37i-Aw_ulVlYAxOBMKcrTDoFzltBslTFcQrvIaXAU53GFUtv_fuvzTWwrypmuGPwfDIb5OzVW2Ab5qHC_I0wxp9ywF45rhWhXE7oHdGWBW7v2Wenmxzc4N32SsHTz__2u9Jreh-5afP8w-vSB3JAplhGBSHZKDzeVVeglMZxNebbvwbyG3_sg
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Electrophoretic+Determination+of+Trimethylamine+%28TMA%29+in+Biological+Samples+as+a+Novel+Potential+Biomarker+of+Cardiovascular+Diseases+Methodological+Approach&rft.jtitle=International+journal+of+environmental+research+and+public+health&rft.au=Konop%2C+Marek&rft.au=Rybka%2C+Mateusz&rft.au=Waraksa%2C+Emilia&rft.au=Laskowska%2C+Anna+K.&rft.date=2021-11-23&rft.pub=MDPI&rft.issn=1661-7827&rft.eissn=1660-4601&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=23&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fijerph182312318&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34886043&rft.externalDBID=PMC8656779
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1660-4601&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1660-4601&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1660-4601&client=summon