Focal cryogen insults for inducing segmental osteonecrosis: computational and experimental assessments of thermal fields

Orthopaedic management of femoral head osteonecrosis is a common clinical problem for which there presently is no good solution. Current animal models are inappropriate to study potential new solutions, since it has been difficult to replicate the natural history of structural collapse seen in the h...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of biomechanics Vol. 36; no. 9; pp. 1317 - 1326
Main Authors Reed, Karen L., Brown, Thomas D., Conzemius, Michael G.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Ltd 01.09.2003
Elsevier Limited
Subjects
Animal model
Animals
Apoptosis
Cryogenics
Disease Models, Animal
Dromaiidae
Equipment and Supplies
Equipment Design
Femur Head - pathology
Femur Head Necrosis - etiology
Femur Head Necrosis - pathology
Finite element
Finite Element Analysis
Freezing
Hip joint
Nitrogen
Osteonecrosis
Stainless Steel
Studies
Temperature
Animal model
Osteonecrosis
Cryogenics
Finite element
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Summary:Orthopaedic management of femoral head osteonecrosis is a common clinical problem for which there presently is no good solution. Current animal models are inappropriate to study potential new solutions, since it has been difficult to replicate the natural history of structural collapse seen in the human disorder. Recently, progression to collapse was obtained for cryogenically induced osteonecrosis in emus, although the lesions involved were imprecisely controlled in terms of size or location. A new cryo-insult probe is here reported for the purpose of delivering well-prescribed local thermal insults in this new animal model, while minimizing damage to non-targeted regions. Finite element analysis was used to elucidate the influence of operator-controlled parameters upon the temporal/spatial variation of the thermal field. The numerical formulation includes convective heat transfer attributable to tissue bed perfusion. The computational results agreed closely with the results of thermocouple recordings in a companion bench-top experiment. The cryo-insult probe successfully produced segmental lesions in the emu model of sizes comparable to the computed freeze front diameters.
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ISSN:0021-9290
1873-2380
DOI:10.1016/S0021-9290(03)00154-4