Enhanced immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice following a Zika DNA vaccine designed by modulation of membrane-anchoring regions and its association to adjuvants

• Published in: Frontiers in immunology Vol. 15; p. 1307546
• Main Authors: Teixeira, Franciane Mouradian Emidio, Oliveira, Luana de Mendonça, Branco, Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo, Alberca, Ricardo Wesley, de Sousa, Emanuella Sarmento Alho, Leite, Bruno Henrique de Sousa, Adan, Wenny Camilla Dos Santos, Duarte, Alberto José da Silva, Lins, Roberto Dias, Sato, Maria Notomi, Viana, Isabelle Freire Tabosa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 2024
• Subjects: adjuvants; DNA vaccine; envelope protein; Immunology; membrane-anchoring regions; protection; Zika virus; DNA vaccine; envelope protein; membrane-anchoring regions; Zika virus; protection; immunogenicity; adjuvants
• ISSN: 1664-3224; 1664-3224
• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1307546

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a re-emerging pathogen with high morbidity associated to congenital infection. Despite the scientific advances since the last outbreak in the Americas, there are no approved specific treatment or vaccines. As the development of an effective prophylactic approach remains unaddressed, DNA vaccines surge as a powerful and attractive candidate due to the efficacy of sequence optimization in achieving strong immune response. In this study, we developed four DNA vaccine constructs encoding the ZIKV prM/M (pre-membrane/membrane) and E (envelope) proteins in conjunction with molecular adjuvants. The DNA vaccine candidate (called ZK_ΔSTP), where the entire membrane-anchoring regions were completely removed, was far more immunogenic compared to their counterparts. Furthermore, inclusion of the tPA-SP leader sequence led to high expression and secretion of the target vaccine antigens, therefore contributing to adequate B cell stimulation. The ZK_ΔSTP vaccine induced high cellular and humoral response in C57BL/6 adult mice, which included high neutralizing antibody titers and the generation of germinal center B cells. Administration of ZK-ΔSTP incorporating aluminum hydroxide (Alum) adjuvant led to sustained neutralizing response. In consistency with the high and long-term protective response, ZK_ΔSTP+Alum protected adult mice upon viral challenge. Collectively, the ZK_ΔSTP+Alum vaccine formulation advances the understanding of the requirements for a successful and protective vaccine against flaviviruses and is worthy of further translational studies.