Impact of a targeted typhoid vaccination campaign following cyclone Tomas, Republic of Fiji, 2010

After a category 4 cyclone that caused extensive population displacement and damage to water and sanitation infrastructure in Fiji in March 2010, a typhoid vaccination campaign was conducted as part of the post-disaster response. During June-December 2010, 64,015 doses of typhoid Vi polysaccharide v...

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Published inThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Vol. 90; no. 6; pp. 1031 - 1038
Main Authors Scobie, Heather M, Nilles, Eric, Kama, Mike, Kool, Jacob L, Mintz, Eric, Wannemuehler, Kathleen A, Hyde, Terri B, Dawainavesi, Akanisi, Singh, Sheetalpreet, Korovou, Samuel, Jenkins, Kylie, Date, Kashmira
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 01.06.2014
Subjects
Adolescent
Confidence Intervals
Cyclonic Storms
Disasters
Female
Fiji - epidemiology
Humans
Incidence
Male
Odds Ratio
Polysaccharides, Bacterial - administration & dosage
Retrospective Studies
Salmonella typhi - immunology
Sanitation
Typhoid Fever - epidemiology
Typhoid Fever - prevention & control
Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines - administration & dosage
Vaccination
Fiji
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Summary:After a category 4 cyclone that caused extensive population displacement and damage to water and sanitation infrastructure in Fiji in March 2010, a typhoid vaccination campaign was conducted as part of the post-disaster response. During June-December 2010, 64,015 doses of typhoid Vi polysaccharide vaccine were administered to persons ≥ 2 years of age, primarily in cyclone-affected areas that were typhoid endemic. Annual typhoid fever incidence decreased during the post-campaign year (2011) relative to preceding years (2008-2009) in three subdivisions where a large proportion of the population was vaccinated (incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals: 0.23, 0.13-0.41; 0.24, 0.14-0.41; 0.58, 0.40-0.86), and increased or remained unchanged in 12 subdivisions where little to no vaccination occurred. Vaccination played a role in reducing typhoid fever incidence in high-incidence areas after a disaster and should be considered in endemic settings, along with comprehensive control measures, as recommended by the World Health Organization.
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ISSN:0002-9637
1476-1645
DOI:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0728