The Impact of Two Semiannual Treatments with Albendazole Alone on Lymphatic Filariasis and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infections: A Community-Based Study in the Republic of Congo

• Published in: The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Vol. 92; no. 5; pp. 959 - 966
• Main Authors: Pion, Sébastien D. S., Chesnais, Cédric B., Bopda, Jean, Louya, Frédéric, Fischer, Peter U., Majewski, Andrew C., Weil, Gary J., Boussinesq, Michel, Missamou, François
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 01.05.2015
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albendazole - therapeutic use; Animals; Anthelmintics - therapeutic use; Antigens, Helminth - immunology; Ascariasis - drug therapy; Ascariasis - epidemiology; Ascaris; Ascaris lumbricoides - drug effects; Ascaris lumbricoides - isolation & purification; Child; Child, Preschool; Congo - epidemiology; Elephantiasis, Filarial - drug therapy; Elephantiasis, Filarial - epidemiology; Female; Filarioidea; Helminthiasis - drug therapy; Helminthiasis - epidemiology; Helminthiasis - parasitology; Hookworm Infections - drug therapy; Hookworm Infections - epidemiology; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Soil - parasitology; Trichuriasis - drug therapy; Trichuriasis - epidemiology; Trichuris - drug effects; Trichuris - isolation & purification; Wuchereria bancrofti; Wuchereria bancrofti - drug effects; Wuchereria bancrofti - isolation & purification; Young Adult; Africa
• ISSN: 0002-9637; 1476-1645
• DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0661

Implementation of mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin plus albendazole (ALB) for lymphatic filariasis (LF) has been delayed in central Africa because of the risk of serious adverse events in subjects with high Loa loa microfilaremia. We conducted a community trial to assess the impact of semiannual MDA with ALB (400 mg) alone on LF and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections in the Republic of Congo. Evaluation at 12 months showed that ALB MDA had not significantly reduced Wuchereria bancrofti antigenemia or microfilaria (mf) rates in the community (from 17.3% to 16.6% and from 5.3% to 4.2%, respectively). However, the geometric mean mf count in mf-positive subjects was reduced from 202.2 to 80.9 mf/mL (60% reduction, P = 0.01). The effect of ALB was impressive in 38 subjects who were mf-positive at baseline and retested at 12 months: 37% had total mf clearance, and individual mf densities were reduced by 73.0%. MDA also dramatically reduced the hookworm infection rate in the community from 6.5% to 0.6% (91% reduction), with less impressive effects on Ascaris and Trichuris . These preliminary results suggest that semiannual community MDA with ALB is a promising strategy for controlling LF and STH in areas with coendemic loiasis.