The identification of active compounds and therapeutic properties of fermented and non-fermented red sorghum for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia

• Published in: Experimental gerontology Vol. 192; p. 112459
• Main Authors: Akbari, Mohsen, Moardi, Salar, Piri, Homeyra, Amiri, Roonak, Aliaqabozorg, Farzaneh, Afraz, Elham Sadat
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Inc 01.07.2024; Elsevier
• Subjects: Acetylcholine - metabolism; Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism; Alzheimer; Alzheimer Disease - metabolism; Alzheimer Disease - microbiology; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Antioxidants; Apigenin - pharmacology; Bacterial population; Behavioral responses; Disease Models, Animal; Feces - chemistry; Feces - microbiology; Fermentation; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Lactobacillus; Male; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sorghum; Behavioral responses; Bacterial population; Fermentation; Phenolic compounds; Alzheimer
• ISSN: 0531-5565; 1873-6815
• DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112459

Sorghum is a promising treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD), due to its rich antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities. Fermentation may also affect nutritional values. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to discover the phenolic and flavonoid chemicals found in both fermented and non-fermented red sorghum, as well as their potential therapeutic uses for AD. L. fermentum, and L. reuteri, and/or L. plantarum and L. casei were used to ferment samples of sorghum. The rats were grouped into five groups, healthy animals, and rats with Alzheimer's receiving 200 mg/kg of saline, non-fermented sorghum, and fermented sorghum fermented with L. fermentum and L. reuteri, as well as L. plantarum and L. casei. Various assessments were conducted, including evaluations of behavioral responses, antioxidant responses, inflammatory responses, acetylcholine levels and acetylcholine esterase, and bacterial populations in stool. P-hydroxybenzoic acid, eriodictyo naringenin, and apigenin were significantly higher in fermented samples, while glycerols were higher in non-fermented samples. The induction of Alzheimer's led to decrease step-through latency, time in target zone, FRAP, acetylcholine levels, Bifidobacterium population and lactobacillus population, while increased escape latency, platform location latency, MDA levels, IL-6, TNF-α, acetylcholine esterase, and coliform population (P = 0.001). The administration of both non-fermented sorghum and fermented sorghum demonstrated the potential to reverse the effects of AD, with a notably higher efficacy observed in the fermented samples compared to the non-fermented ones. In conclusion, fermentation exerted significant effects on the bioactive compounds the administration of fermented sorghum resulted in improved behavioral responses, characterized by a reduction in oxidation, inflammation and microbial population. •Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia.•Induction of AD causes impairment in learning and memory in a rat model.•AD induction significantly decreased FRAP and increased MDA concentration in PFC.•LPC and LFR reversed behavioral impairment in a rat model of AD.•Administration of LFR showed the potential to reverse the adverse effects of AD.