Characteristics of psychrophilic bacterial communities and associated metabolism pathways in different environments by a metagenomic analysis

• Published in: The Science of the total environment Vol. 953; p. 175496
• Main Authors: Xu, Wen-Jun, Meng, Lu, Zhao, Yan-Kun, Wu, Jie, Liu, Hui-Min, Wang, Jia-Qi, Zheng, Nan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 25.11.2024
• Subjects: Metagenomic sequencing; Psychrophilic bacteria; Raw milk; Region; Season; Raw milk; Region; Season; Psychrophilic bacteria; Metagenomic sequencing
• ISSN: 0048-9697; 1879-1026; 1879-1026
• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175496

Psychrophilic bacteria, the dominant spoilage organisms in raw milk, secrete heat-stable extracellular proteases and lipases that lead to the decomposition of milk and dairy products. In this study, we investigated psychrophilic bacteria in 165 raw milk samples collected across four seasons and six regions in China using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and traditional culture methods. The isolated psychrophilic bacteria were classified into 40 genera and 185 species. Pseudomonas was the most prevalent, accounting for 51.13 % of the genera, while Lactococcus and Chryseobacterium were also notably abundant (> 6.0 %). Metagenomic sequencing revealed that Pseudomonas (47.9 %), Stenotrophomonas (9.75 %), Sphingomonas (6.73 %), Latilactobacillus (6.38 %) and Lactococcus (5.16 %) were the dominant genera in the raw milk samples. The diversity of psychrophilic bacteria in raw milk was strongly influenced by seasonal variations, with the sampling region being a less significant factor. KEGG annotation indicated that carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism were the primary metabolic pathways in these bacteria. Metagenomic sequencing not only accurately identifies species but also provides functional insights into psychrophilic bacteria in raw milk, aiding in understanding their activities, promoting their control on farms, and ultimately improving raw milk quality. [Display omitted] •Pseudomonas is the dominant genus of psychrophilic bacteria in raw milk.•The diversity of psychrophilic bacteria in raw milk was highly affected by seasonally, and sampling region was the less affected factor.•The predicted metabolic profile was dominated by pathways related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.