Translational studies provide insights for the etiology and treatment of cortical bone osteoporosis

• Published in: Baillière's best practice & research. Clinical endocrinology & metabolism Vol. 32; no. 3; pp. 329 - 340
• Main Authors: Brommage, Robert, Ohlsson, Claes
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01.06.2018
• Subjects: Animals; Bone Density - genetics; cathepsin k; cortical bone; Cortical Bone - pathology; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Endocrinology and Diabetes; Endokrinologi och diabetes; Female; femoral-neck; genetic; Genome-Wide Association Study; growth-plate; hip fracture; hormone-related peptide; HR-pQCT; human; Humans; Mice; Mice, Knockout; mineral density; Osteoporosis - etiology; Osteoporosis - genetics; Osteoporosis - pathology; Osteoporosis - therapy; parathyroid-hormone; periostin; postmenopausal women; quantitative computed-tomography; SFRP4; trabecular bone; Translational Medical Research - methods; Translational Medical Research - trends; WNT16; genetic; SFRP4; HR-pQCT; WNT16; periostin; cortical bone
• ISSN: 1521-690X; 1878-1594
• DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.02.006

Increasing attention is being focused on the important contributions of cortical bone to bone strength, fractures and osteoporosis therapies. Recent progress in human genome wide association studies in combination with high-throughput mouse gene knockout phenotyping efforts of multiple genes and advanced conditional gene inactivation in mouse models have successfully identified genes with crucial roles in cortical bone homeostasis. Particular attention in this review is given to genes, such as WNT16, POSTN and SFRP4, that differentially affect cortical and trabecular bone architecture. We propose that animal models of cortical bone metabolism will substantially contribute to developing anabolic osteoporosis therapies that improve cortical bone mass and reduce non-vertebral fracture risk.