Sparing of the familiarity component of recognition memory in a patient with hippocampal pathology

• Published in: Neuropsychologia Vol. 43; no. 12; pp. 1810 - 1823
• Main Authors: Aggleton, John P., Vann, Seralynne D., Denby, Christine, Dix, Sophie, Mayes, Andrew R., Roberts, Neil, Yonelinas, Andrew P.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 2005; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Adult; Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Amnesia; Amnesia, Anterograde - pathology; Amnesia, Anterograde - physiopathology; Biological and medical sciences; Brain Injuries - etiology; Brain Injuries - pathology; Brain Injuries - physiopathology; Case-Control Studies; Disorders of higher nervous function. Focal brain diseases. Central vestibular syndrome and deafness. Brain stem syndromes; Familiarity; Female; Functional Laterality - physiology; Hippocampus; Hippocampus - pathology; Hippocampus - physiopathology; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods; Male; Medical sciences; Meningitis - complications; Mental Recall - physiology; Middle Aged; Nervous system (semeiology, syndromes); Neurology; Neuropsychological Tests; Organic mental disorders. Neuropsychology; Perirhinal cortex; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Recognition (Psychology) - physiology; Recognition memory; Retrospective Studies; ROC Curve; Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed; Recognition memory; Amnesia; Perirhinal cortex; Familiarity; Hippocampus; Human; Memory disorder; Nervous system diseases; Cognitive disorder; Memory; Cognition; Cerebral disorder; Familiarity strangeness; Central nervous system disease; Neurological disorder
• ISSN: 0028-3932; 1873-3514
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.01.019

Subject KN has a persistent anterograde amnesia as a result of brain injury following meningitis in 1993. MRI scans reveal a bilateral decrease in the volume of his hippocampal region (dentate gyrus, CA1–4, subicular cortices) of approximately 45% in both the right and left hemispheres, although the volume of his perirhinal cortex appears normal. Aside from some changes to his occipital lobe and bilateral shrinkage of the amygdala, the rest of his brain appears normal on recent quantitative MRI scans. A striking feature of his memory loss is his ability to perform at normal levels on some tests of recognition, despite his consistent deficit on tests of recall. Two tests designed specifically to distinguish performance of two putative divisions of recognition memory (the Remember/Know procedure and the use of receiver operating characteristics to distinguish familiarity and recollection), provide evidence for a selective sparing of the familiarity component of recognition. The dissociation within recognition memory supports dual-process models of recognition, and also supports proposals that anatomically linked regions within the medial temporal lobe make qualitatively different contributions to recognition.