Stimulation of haemopoiesis and protection of mice against radiation injury by synthetic analogues of muramyldipeptide incorporated in liposomes

• Published in: International journal of immunopharmacology Vol. 19; no. 9; pp. 611 - 617
• Main Authors: Turánek, Jaroslav, Záluská, Dana, Hofer, Michal, Vacek, Antonín, Ledvina, Miroslav, Jezek, Jan
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Science 01.09.1997
• Subjects: Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine - administration & dosage; Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine - analogs & derivatives; Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine - pharmacology; Adjuvants, Immunologic - administration & dosage; Adjuvants, Immunologic - pharmacology; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Colony-Forming Units Assay; Female; Gamma Rays; Glycopeptides - administration & dosage; Glycopeptides - pharmacology; haemopoiesis; Hematopoiesis - drug effects; Hematopoiesis - radiation effects; Immunomodulators; Liposomes; Medical sciences; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred CBA; mouse; muramyl dipeptide analogues; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Radiation Injuries, Experimental - prevention & control; Radiation-Protective Agents - administration & dosage; Radiation-Protective Agents - pharmacology; radioprotection; mouse; haemopoiesis; radioprotection; muramyl dipeptide analogues; liposomes; Intraperitoneal administration; Immunostimulation; Radioprotector; Intravenous administration; Immunomodulation; Toxicity; Treatment efficiency; Rodentia; Liposome; Drug carrier; Vertebrata; Ionizing irradiation; Mammalia; Treatment; Mouse; Hematopoiesis; Animal; Subcutaneous administration
• ISSN: 0192-0561; 1879-3495
• DOI: 10.1016/S0192-0561(98)00003-4

Protection from undesirable effects of radiotherapy or chemotherapy, primarily from myelosuppression, remains still a crucial problem to be studied. Attention has been therefore paid to various immunomodulatory agents that through the monocyte/macrophage system induced production of cytokines, which can induce and operate restoration of haemopoiesis and thus act radioprotectively. Some synthetic analogues of MDP free of undesirable side-effects, were synthesized in the Czech Republic. Lipophilic β-D-GlcNstearoyl-(1- > 4)-norMurNAc-L-Abu-D-isoGln (DDD-St) was designed to be easily entrapped into liposomes and this liposomal DDD-St protected efficiently mice against irradiation, when administered i.p., i.v. or s.c. 24 h prior to lethal irradiation (survival rate in the range of 30–80% compared with 0% in control). Especially the subcutaneous application of liposomal DDD-St was very efficient. The parameters characteristic of recovery of haemopoiesis in bone marrow on day 10 after 6.5 Gy irradiation were significantly improved in comparison with the controls. Very high radioprotective effect of s.c. administered liposomal DDD-St can be explained (together with induction of haemopoiesis) by an effective and long-lasting activation of nonspecific immunity, which is able to withhold an onset of septicemia in early days after irradiation. In conclusion, the liposomal DDD-St should be therapeutically beneficial in moderating the haemopoietic damage, which is an undesirable effect of radiotherapy or chemotherapy.