Impact of variant of concern and vaccination status on COVID‐19 infection virological dynamics in end stage kidney disease patients receiving haemodialysis

• Published in: Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) Vol. 27; no. 10; pp. 804 - 809
• Main Authors: Koh, Timothy, Ooi, Xi Yan, Vasoo, Shawn, Yeo, See Cheng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Melbourne John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd 01.10.2022; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; de‐isolation; haemodialysis; Hemodialysis; Immunization; Infections; Kidney diseases; Original; Polymerase chain reaction; Vaccination; variant of concern; virus shedding
• ISSN: 1320-5358; 1440-1797; 1440-1797
• DOI: 10.1111/nep.14084

Aim It is unclear if variant of concern and vaccination status impact COVID‐19 infection virological dynamics in haemodialysis patients and affect de‐isolation protocol for dialysis centres. Method We performed a retrospective observational cohort study between February 2020 to September 2021, to examine the virological kinetics of vaccinated and unvaccinated haemodialysis patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐confirmed COVID‐19 infection of the delta and pre‐delta variants. Results Of the 38 subjects with PCR‐confirmed COVID‐19 infection, we found that individuals infected during the delta‐variant period had higher viral load at presentation and required longer duration to achieve a negative PCR swab, compared to those infected in the pre‐delta variant period. Time to achieve negative PCR swab was longest in unvaccinated individuals infected during delta‐variant period. However, vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals achieved high PCR cycle threshold value of ≥25 and ≥30 at similar timing. Conclusion Our study suggests that patients infected during delta‐variant period of COVID‐19 illness, have higher viral load at presentation and prolonged viral shedding, especially in the unvaccinated cohort. However, prolonged time to negative PCR is likely due to inactive virus shedding, and that conversion to negative PCR may not be a necessary pre‐requisite for de‐isolation. Summary at a Glance This observational cohort study examines the virological dynamics of COVID‐19 infection in haemodialysis patients, and the impact of vaccination status and variant of concern on SARS‐CoV‐2 dynamics.