Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Generate Both Retinal Ganglion Cells and Photoreceptors: Therapeutic Implications in Degenerative Changes in Glaucoma and Age‐Related Macular Degeneration

The direct reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state holds significant implications for treating intractable degenerative diseases by ex vivo cell therapy. In addition, the reprogrammed cells can serve as a model for diseases and the discovery of drugs and genes. Here, we demonstrate tha...

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Published inStem cells (Dayton, Ohio) Vol. 28; no. 4; pp. 695 - 703
Main Authors Parameswaran, Sowmya, Balasubramanian, Sudha, Babai, Norbert, Qiu, Fang, Eudy, James D., Thoreson, Wallace B., Ahmad, Iqbal
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 01.04.2010
Subjects
Animals
Cell Differentiation
Cell Line
Cell Lineage
Cone photoreceptors
Gene Expression Regulation
Glaucoma - therapy
Induced pluripotent stem cells
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - cytology
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells - metabolism
Macular Degeneration - therapy
Mice
Photoreceptor Cells - cytology
Photoreceptor Cells - metabolism
Retina
Retinal ganglion cell
Retinal Ganglion Cells - cytology
Retinal Ganglion Cells - metabolism
Rod photoreceptors
Stem cells
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Summary:The direct reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state holds significant implications for treating intractable degenerative diseases by ex vivo cell therapy. In addition, the reprogrammed cells can serve as a model for diseases and the discovery of drugs and genes. Here, we demonstrate that mouse fibroblast induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a renewable and robust source of retinal progenitors, capable of generating a wide range of retinal cell types that includes retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), cone, and rod photoreceptors. They respond to simulated microenvironment of early and late retinal histogenesis by differentiating into stage‐specific retinal cell types through the recruitment of normal mechanisms. The depth of the retinal potential of iPSCs suggests that they may be used to formulate stem cell approaches to understand and treat a wide range of retinal degenerative diseases from glaucoma to age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). STEM CELLS 2010;28:695–703
Bibliography:First published online in S
C
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Author contributions: S.P.: Collection and assembly of data; data analysis and interpretation; manuscript writing, S.B.: Collection and assembly of data; data analysis and interpretation; N.B., J.D.E.: Collection and assembly of data, F.Q., W.B.T.: Data analysis and interpretation; I.A.: Conception and design; data analysis and interpretation; manuscript writing. SP and SB made equal contributions to this article.
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February 17, 2010.
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ISSN:1066-5099
1549-4918
DOI:10.1002/stem.320