‘It’s a symbolic violence’: Autistic people’s experiences of discrimination at universities in Australia

• Published in: Autism : the international journal of research and practice Vol. 28; no. 6; pp. 1344 - 1356
• Main Authors: Tan, Diana Weiting, Rabuka, Marion, Haar, Tori, Pellicano, Elizabeth
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London, England SAGE Publications 01.06.2024; SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Australia; Autism; Autistic Disorder - psychology; College students; Colleges & universities; Curricula; Disability; Discontinued; Discrimination; Female; Higher education; Humans; Instructional design; Learning; Male; Neurodiversity; Original; Social Stigma; Stigma; Students; Students - psychology; Support services; Teams; Trauma; Universities; Young Adult; Australia; stigma; co-production; higher education; discrimination; participatory research; inclusive education; autism
• ISSN: 1362-3613; 1461-7005
• DOI: 10.1177/13623613231219744

In recent years, the number of autistic people entering university has increased in Australia and worldwide. While an encouraging trend, autistic students’ completion rates remain much lower than non-autistic students in Australia. Perhaps unsurprisingly, numerous studies investigating autistic people’s experiences at universities have identified stigma and discrimination as a significant barrier facing autistic people in higher education. In this study, our team of autistic co-researchers and non-autistic researchers co-produced an in-depth qualitative study to understand the contexts and circumstances in which autistic people felt stigmatised or experienced discrimination at universities in Australia. We interviewed 21 autistic people who either had completed at least one university course, or were studying a university course, or had enrolled in but discontinued at least one university course in Australia. Using reflexive thematic analysis, we identified four themes: (1) ‘My disability is something that people just don’t have a clue about’, (2) ‘the system is really stacked against you’, (3) the onus is on autistic students, and (4) ‘grit and stubbornness’. Based on these findings, we suggested implementing Universal Design for Learning, neurodiversity-affirming and trauma-informed practices, together with a participatory approach to better design university curricula, processes, and support services for autistic students. Lay Abstract Autistic students experience many challenges at university. One significant barrier identified in past research was autistic students’ experiences of discrimination (i.e. being treat differently) and stigma (being judged differently). Our research team included both autistic and non-autistic researchers who designed a project to help explore autistic students’ experiences of stigma and discrimination at Australian universities. We interviewed 21 autistic students who went to a university – some had completed qualifications, and some had not. From our interviews, we identified four themes: (1) ‘My disability is something that people just don’t have a clue about’, (2) ‘the system is really stacked against you’, (3) the onus is on autistic students, and (4) ‘grit and stubbornness’. As a result, we recommended changes in the way courses are written and taught so that autistic people have opportunities that meet their ways of learning. It is also important for university staff to understand the impact of trauma experienced by autistic people and that universities work together with autistic people to design courses and supports that include autistic ways of learning, accessible university processes and identify support needs.