Noise reduction in diffusion weighted MRI of the pancreas using an L1-regularized iterative SENSE reconstruction

• Published in: Magnetic resonance imaging Vol. 87; pp. 1 - 6
• Main Authors: Kamal, Omar, McTavish, Sean, Harder, Felix N., Van, Anh T., Peeters, Johannes M., Weiss, Kilian, Makowski, Marcus R., Karampinos, Dimitrios C., Braren, Rickmer F.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Inc 01.04.2022
• Subjects: Denoising; Diffusion weighted imaging; Pancreas; Pancreatic adenocarcinoma; SENSE; ADC; DK; Denoising; TE; IVIM; RF; PE; DWI; Pancreatic adenocarcinoma; Pancreas; SENSE; Diffusion weighted imaging; TR; EPI; L1-R SENSE
• ISSN: 0730-725X; 1873-5894
• DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.11.009

To prospectively evaluate an L1 regularized iterative SENSE reconstruction (L1-R SENSE) to eliminate band-like artifacts frequently seen with parallel imaging (SENSE) at high acceleration factors in high resolution diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas. Fourteen patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) underwent respiratory triggered DWI ss-EPI at a resolution of 2.5 × 2.5 × 3 mm3 with uniform undersampling in the phase encoding direction (AP axis) with an acceleration factor of 4. Data were reconstructed using the standard SENSE reconstruction routine of the vendor and an iterative SENSE reconstruction employing L1 regularization after a wavelet sparsifying transformation (L1-R SENSE). Retrospective reconstruction of the data with a lower number of averages was performed using both reconstruction methods. Two radiologists independently assessed noise artifacts, anatomical details and image quality (IQ) subjectively with a 4-point scale. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and covariance (CV) of ADC estimated from images reconstructed at a different number of averages for PDAC and the normal pancreas were assessed. L1-R SENSE resulted in higher IQ and less noise artifacts than SENSE. Anatomical details were significantly higher for SENSE in one reader. Mean ADC of PDAC and normal pancreas were significantly higher for L1-R SENSE than SENSE. L1-R SENSE revealed lower CV of ADC for normal pancreas compared to SENSE, whereas no difference was noted for PDAC. Compared with traditional SENSE reconstruction, L1-R SENSE effectively reduces band-like noise and improves the robustness of the ADC estimation from acquisitions using single-shot DW-EPI of the pancreas. •Parallel imaging is used for DWI of the pancreas but frequently suffers from band-like noise artifacts at high acceleration factors.•L1-regularized SENSE is based on the CS framework concepts and can effectively eliminate noise artifacts using the same scan parameters.•Implementation of L1-regularized SENSE improves image quality and robustness of ADC values in DWI of the pancreas.