A reliable and efficient adaptive Bayesian method to assess static lower limb position sense

• Published in: Journal of neuroscience methods Vol. 392; p. 109875
• Main Authors: Wood, Jonathan M., Morton, Susanne M., Kim, Hyosub E.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 15.05.2023
• Subjects: Bayes Theorem; Bayesian adaptive algorithm; Bayesian statistics; Foot; Humans; Lower Extremity; Lower limb; Position sense; Proprioception; Proprioception - physiology; Psychophysics; Reproducibility of Results; Lower limb; Psychophysics; Proprioception; Bayesian statistics; Bayesian adaptive algorithm; Position sense
• ISSN: 0165-0270; 1872-678X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109875

Lower limb proprioception is critical for maintaining stability during gait and may impact how individuals modify their movements in response to changes in the environment and body state, a process termed “sensorimotor adaptation”. However, the connection between lower limb proprioception and sensorimotor adaptation during human gait has not been established. We suspect this gap is due in part to the lack of reliable, efficient methods to assess global lower limb proprioception in an ecologically valid context. We assessed static lower limb proprioception using an alternative forced choice task, administered twice to determine test-retest reliability. Participants stood on a dual-belt treadmill which passively moved one limb to stimulus locations selected by a Bayesian adaptive algorithm. At the stimulus locations, participants judged relative foot positions and the algorithm estimated the point of subjective equality (PSE) and the uncertainty of lower limb proprioception. Using the Bland-Altman method, combined with Bayesian statistics, we found that both the PSE and uncertainty estimates had good reliability. Current methods assessing static lower limb proprioception do so within a single joint, in non-weight bearing positions, and rely heavily on memory. One exception assessed static lower limb proprioception in standing but did not measure reliability and contained confounds impacting participants’ judgments, which we experimentally controlled here. This efficient and reliable method assessing lower limb proprioception will aid future mechanistic understanding of locomotor adaptation and serve as a useful tool for basic and clinical researchers studying balance and falls. We developed a novel static lower limb position sense assessment during standing.The method, a 2AFC task, uses a Bayesian adaptive algorithm to improve efficiency.The method achieved reliable lower limb position sense estimates in 50 trials.This method should serve as a useful tool for gait and balance researchers.