Surface Modification of Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode through Oxygen Plasma to Enhance Biosensor Sensitivity

• Published in: Biosensors (Basel) Vol. 14; no. 4; p. 165
• Main Authors: Osaki, Shuto, Saito, Masato, Nagai, Hidenori, Tamiya, Eiichi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.04.2024
• Subjects: Adsorption; Antibodies; Antigens; Biosensing Techniques; Biosensors; Carbon; Carbon - chemistry; Contact angle; Covalence; Covalent bonds; Design and construction; Electrochemical analysis; electrochemical immunosensor; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Electrodes, Carbon; Electrostatic properties; Engineering research; Gold; Gold - chemistry; gold nanoparticles; Immunoassay; Immunosensors; Limit of Detection; Medical research; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry; Nanoparticles; Oxygen; Oxygen plasma; Plasma; point-of-care; Polyethylene glycol; Properties; Reagents; Scanning electron microscopy; Screen printing; Sensitivity enhancement; Spectrum analysis; Surface chemistry; Surface Properties; Voltammetry; X-rays; Japan; United States > US; electrochemical immunosensor; biosensors; oxygen plasma; gold nanoparticles; point-of-care
• ISSN: 2079-6374; 2079-6374
• DOI: 10.3390/bios14040165

The screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) is a useful technology that has been widely used in the practical application of biosensors oriented to point-of-care testing (POCT) due to its characteristics of cost-effectiveness, disposability, miniaturization, wide potential window, and simple electrode design. Compared with gold or platinum electrodes, surface modification is difficult because the carbon surface is chemically or physically stable. Oxygen plasma (O ) can easily produce carboxyl groups on the carbon surface, which act as scaffolds for covalent bonds. However, the effect of O -plasma treatment on electrode performance remains to be investigated from an electrochemical perspective, and sensor performance can be improved by clarifying the surface conditions of plasma-treated biosensors. In this research, we compared antibody modification by plasma treatment and physical adsorption, using our novel immunosensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Consequently, the O -plasma treatment produced carboxyl groups on the electrode surface that changed the electrochemical properties owing to electrostatic interactions. In this study, we compared the following four cases of SPCE modification: O -plasma-treated electrode/covalent-bonded antibody (a); O -plasma-treated electrode/physical adsorbed antibody (b); bare electrode/covalent-bonded antibody (c); and bare electrode/physical absorbed antibody (d). The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.50 ng/mL (a), 9.7 ng/mL (b), 0.54 ng/mL (c), and 1.2 ng/mL (d). The slopes of the linear response range were 0.039, 0.029, 0.014, and 0.022. The LOD of (a) was 2.4 times higher than the conventional condition (d), The slope of (a) showed higher sensitivity than other cases (b~d). This is because the plasma treatment generated many carboxyl groups and increased the number of antibody adsorption sites. In summary, the O -plasma treatment was found to modify the electrode surface conditions and improve the amount of antibody modifications. In the future, O -plasma treatment could be used as a simple method for modifying various molecular recognition elements on printed carbon electrodes.