Mortality risk in atrial fibrillation: the role of aspirin, vitamin K and non-vitamin K antagonists

• Published in: International journal of clinical pharmacy Vol. 41; no. 6; pp. 1536 - 1544
• Main Authors: Gieling, Emilie, de Vries, Frank, Williams, Rachael, van Onzenoort, Hein A. W., de Boer, Anthonius, ten Cate, Vincent, Kramers, Cornelis, Burden, Andrea
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.12.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antagonists; Anticoagulants; Anticoagulants - administration & dosage; Aspirin; Aspirin - administration & dosage; Atrial Fibrillation - complications; Atrial Fibrillation - drug therapy; Atrial Fibrillation - mortality; Cardiac arrhythmia; Cohort Studies; Drug dosages; Female; Fibrillation; Health hazards; Health risk assessment; Health risks; Humans; Internal Medicine; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Middle Aged; Mortality; Pharmacy; Phylloquinone; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors - administration & dosage; Research Article; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Statistical models; Stroke; Stroke - etiology; Stroke - prevention & control; Vitamin K; Vitamin K - antagonists & inhibitors; United Kingdom > UK; NOACs; Anticoagulants; Non vitamin K oral anticoagulants; Atrial fibrillation; Mortality; Vitamin K antagonists; Coumarins
• ISSN: 2210-7703; 2210-7711
• DOI: 10.1007/s11096-019-00916-1

Background As an alternative to vitamin K antagonist and low-dose aspirin (< 325 mg), non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants are available for the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, the mortality risk associated with these drugs in daily practice remains unclear. Objective To evaluate the risk of all-cause mortality associated with non-Vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants, vitamin K antagonists or aspirin in patients with atrial fibrillation. Setting A cohort study conducted among atrial fibrillation patients using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (March 2008–October 2014). Method New users of vitamin K antagonists, non vitamin K oral anticoagulants, low-dose aspirin, or combination therapy were followed from the date of first prescription to the date of death, as recorded in the UK datalink. Cox proportional hazard models estimated the hazard ratio (HR) of all-cause mortality for users of NOACs, aspirin, or combination use, as compared to vitamin K antagonist. Analyses were adjusted for confounders. Main outcome measure All-cause mortality. Results We identified 31,497 patients. Non vitamin K antocoagulant use (adjusted HR [aHR] = 1.42; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.18–1.71) and aspirin use (aHR = 1.64; 95% CI 1.57–1.77) were both significantly associated with a higher mortality risk than use of vitamin K antagonists. The higher mortality risk for the non vitamin K anticoagulant use was observed in men (aHR = 1.72; 95% CI 1.25–2.36), but not in women (aHR = 1.28; 95% CI 0.92–1.79. Compared to  vitamin K antagonists, mortality risk associated with the non vitamin K anticoagulants and aspirin use was significantly increased in patients with higher stroke risk (CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc > 2). Conclusion Non vitamin K oral anticoagulants are  associated with a higher risk on all-cause mortality, particularly in men and in patients with higher stroke risk.