Emergent Auditory Feature Tuning in a Real-Time Neuromorphic VLSI System

• Published in: Frontiers in neuroscience Vol. 6; p. 17
• Main Authors: Sheik, Sadique, Coath, Martin, Indiveri, Giacomo, Denham, Susan L, Wennekers, Thomas, Chicca, Elisabetta
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 01.01.2012; Frontiers Media S.A
• Subjects: Address Event Representation (AER); auditory; Auditory plasticity; Axonal plasticity; Cerebral cortex; Firing pattern; Information processing; Integrated circuits; mismatch; Neural networks; Neural plasticity; neuromorphic VLSI; Neuroscience; Sensory systems; STDP; Thalamus; unsupervised learning; auditory; spectro-temporal features; mismatch; STDP; address event representation; neuromorphic VLSI; unsupervised learning
• ISSN: 1662-4548; 1662-453X; 1662-4548
• DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00017

Many sounds of ecological importance, such as communication calls, are characterized by time-varying spectra. However, most neuromorphic auditory models to date have focused on distinguishing mainly static patterns, under the assumption that dynamic patterns can be learned as sequences of static ones. In contrast, the emergence of dynamic feature sensitivity through exposure to formative stimuli has been recently modeled in a network of spiking neurons based on the thalamo-cortical architecture. The proposed network models the effect of lateral and recurrent connections between cortical layers, distance-dependent axonal transmission delays, and learning in the form of Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP), which effects stimulus-driven changes in the pattern of network connectivity. In this paper we demonstrate how these principles can be efficiently implemented in neuromorphic hardware. In doing so we address two principle problems in the design of neuromorphic systems: real-time event-based asynchronous communication in multi-chip systems, and the realization in hybrid analog/digital VLSI technology of neural computational principles that we propose underlie plasticity in neural processing of dynamic stimuli. The result is a hardware neural network that learns in real-time and shows preferential responses, after exposure, to stimuli exhibiting particular spectro-temporal patterns. The availability of hardware on which the model can be implemented, makes this a significant step toward the development of adaptive, neurobiologically plausible, spike-based, artificial sensory systems.