Rotating shift workers with vitamin D deficiency have a higher risk of obstructive sleep apnea

• Published in: Sleep & breathing Vol. 27; no. 2; pp. 727 - 735
• Main Authors: de Menezes Júnior, Luiz Antônio Alves, Fajardo, Virgínia Capistrano, de Freitas, Sílvia Nascimento, Machado-Coelho, George Luiz Lins, de Oliveira, Fernando Luiz Pereira, do Nascimento Neto, Raimundo Marques, Meireles, Adriana Lúcia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.05.2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Apnea; Chi-square test; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dentistry; Epidemiology • Original Article; Humans; Internal Medicine; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Multivariate analysis; Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics; Pneumology/Respiratory System; Polysomnography; Questionnaires; Risk assessment; Sleep apnea; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Sleep disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency - complications; Vitamin D Deficiency - epidemiology; Vitamin deficiency; Workers; Obesity; Sleep apnea syndromes; Young adults; Circadian rhythm; Workers
• ISSN: 1520-9512; 1522-1709
• DOI: 10.1007/s11325-022-02603-4

Objectives The study aimed to evaluate the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in shift workers. Methods This cross-sectional study included male rotating shift workers in an iron ore extraction company. Participants were classified as VDD when 25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL for a healthy population and 25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL for groups at risk for VDD. Risk of developing OSA was classified by Berlin questionnaire (BQ) and NoSAS score. Data were compared using chi-square analysis with Cramer’s V as effect size, and Bonferroni correction. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate whether or not VDD was associated with OSA risk assessment. Results Among 1423 male workers, mostly younger, aged 30 to 39 years (53%), worked shifts for more than 5 years (76%). The prevalence of high risk of OSA by BQ was 16%, and 33% by NoSAS score. Additionally, 29% had VDD. In multivariate analysis, controlled for confounding factors, workers with VDD had a 52% increased chance of OSA by BQ (OR 1.52; CI95% 1.06–2.18) and a 64% increased chance of OSA by NoSAS score (OR 1.64; CI95% 1.09–2.48). After subgroup analyses, similar results were not observed in workers aged 20–29 and 30–39 years. Conclusion Rotating shift workers with vitamin D deficiency are more likely to have obstructive sleep apnea, assessed by the Berlin questionnaire and NoSAS score.