Relation between surface properties, pore structure and first-cycle charge loss of graphite as negative electrode in lithium-ion batteries

• Published in: Journal of power sources Vol. 97; pp. 78 - 82
• Main Authors: Joho, Felix, Rykart, Beat, Blome, Andreas, Novák, Petr, Wilhelm, Henri, Spahr, Michael E.
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Lausanne Elsevier B.V 01.07.2001; Elsevier Sequoia
• Subjects: Applied sciences; BET surface area; Direct energy conversion and energy accumulation; Double-layer capacitance; Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering; Electrical power engineering; Electrochemical conversion: primary and secondary batteries, fuel cells; Exact sciences and technology; Graphite; Graphite pore structure; Irreversible capacity; Lithium intercalation; Lithium-ion battery; Lithium-ion battery; Graphite pore structure; Graphite; Double-layer capacitance; BET surface area; Lithium intercalation; Irreversible capacity; Pore structure; Secondary cell; Electrode material; Electric batteries; Discharge charge cycle; Surface structure; Graphite intercalation compounds; Organic electrolyte storage battery; Alkali metal Ions; Metal nonmetal batteries; Specific capacity; Lithium ion; Electrical characteristic
• ISSN: 0378-7753; 1873-2755
• DOI: 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00595-X

Cycling of graphite in lithium-ion batteries is reversible except for the first-cycle, where some charge is “lost” due to irreversible side reactions. The irreversible charge loss of different TIMREX ® graphites was found to be a linear function, both of their specific BET surface areas and of the double-layer capacitance of electrodes manufactured from these graphites. Nitrogen-adsorption measurements and differential-porosity calculations indicate that the pore structure of the graphite particles mainly consists of mesopores (2–50 nm). The surface area of these mesopores is part of the electroactive surface area determined by impedance spectroscopy, and contributes to the irreversible capacity of the graphite negative electrode in the first-cycle.