Immunohistological Biomarkers of Toxicity by a Pharmaceutical Antidepressant in the Freshwater Cichlid Fish Cichlasoma dimerus (Teleostei, Cichliformes)

• Published in: Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology Vol. 104; no. 2; pp. 180 - 184
• Main Authors: Rey Vázquez, Graciela, Da Cuña, Rodrigo Hernán, Dorelle, Luciana Soledad, Lo Nostro, Fabiana Laura
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Springer US 01.02.2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Animals; Antidepressants; Antidepressive Agents - toxicity; Aquatic Pollution; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - metabolism; Cichlasoma dimerus; Cichlids - growth & development; Cichlids - metabolism; Cichlids - physiology; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental stress; Fish; Fluoxetine; Fluoxetine - toxicity; Fresh Water - chemistry; Freshwater fish; Head Kidney - drug effects; Head Kidney - metabolism; Homeostasis; Immune response; Immune system; Immunohistochemistry; Macrophages; Metal matrix composites; Pollution; Soil Science & Conservation; Spleen; Spleen - drug effects; Spleen - metabolism; Toxicity; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity; Water Pollution Control; Water quality; Spleen; Hematopoietic tissue; Head kidney; Fluoxetine; Melano-macrophage centers
• ISSN: 0007-4861; 1432-0800
• DOI: 10.1007/s00128-019-02770-3

Melano-macrophage centers (MMCs) are nodular clusters of pigmented macrophages, implicated in homeostasis and destruction and recycling of endogenous and exogenous material. They can increase in size and/or frequency under environmental stress resulting in immunohistological biomarkers of water quality. Fluoxetine (FLX), a commonly prescribed antidepressant, can cause neuroendocrine, behavioral and reproductive alterations in teleost fish. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of a 2-week 50 µg/L FLX exposure on MMCs in histological sections of spleen and head-kidney (HK) of the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus . In the spleen, FLX caused an increase in the area and a decrease in the number of MMCs. An increase in the proportion of the HK occupied by MMCs was observed in FLX-exposed fish, due to an increase in their number but not their area. The deposition rate of MMCs varies according to the hemolymphopoietic organ and would be the result of a differential response to FLX on homeostatic functions (elimination of cellular debris, iron processing and immune response).