FCNN-based axon segmentation for convection-enhanced delivery optimization

• Published in: International journal for computer assisted radiology and surgery Vol. 14; no. 3; pp. 493 - 499
• Main Authors: Vidotto, Marco, De Momi, Elena, Gazzara, Michele, Mattos, Leonardo S., Ferrigno, Giancarlo, Moccia, Sara
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01.03.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Algorithms; Artificial neural networks; Brain; Computation; Computer Imaging; Computer Science; Convection; Health Informatics; Image segmentation; Imaging; Information theory; Mathematical models; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Optimization; Original Article; Pattern Recognition and Graphics; Physical properties; Post-processing; Radiology; Surgery; Testing time; Training; Vision; Deep learning; Axon segmentation; Convection-enhanced delivery; Electron microscopy; Glioblastoma
• ISSN: 1861-6410; 1861-6429
• DOI: 10.1007/s11548-018-01911-z

Purpose Glioblastoma multiforme treatment is a challenging task in clinical oncology. Convection- enhanced delivery (CED) is showing encouraging but still suboptimal results due to drug leakages. Numerical models can predict drug distribution within the brain, but require retrieving brain physical properties, such as the axon diameter distribution (ADD), through axon architecture analysis. The goal of this work was to provide an automatic, accurate and fast method for axon segmentation in electronic microscopy images based on fully convolutional neural network (FCNN) as to allow automatic ADD computation. Methods The segmentation was performed using a residual FCNN inspired by U-Net and Resnet. The FCNN training was performed exploiting mini-batch gradient descent and the Adam optimizer. The Dice coefficient was chosen as loss function. Results The proposed segmentation method achieved results comparable with already existing methods for axon segmentation in terms of Information Theoretic Scoring ( 0.98 % ) with a faster training (5 h on the deployed GPU) and without requiring heavy post-processing (testing time was 0.2 s with a non-optimized code). The ADDs computed from the segmented and ground-truth images were statistically equivalent. Conclusions The algorithm proposed in this work allowed fast and accurate axon segmentation and ADD computation, showing promising performance for brain microstructure analysis for CED delivery optimization.