Nutritional status of rural community‐dwelling older people and changes after following nutritional recommendations

• Published in: International journal of nursing practice Vol. 24; no. 6; pp. e12688 - n/a
• Main Authors: Spirgienė, Lina, Damulevičienė, Gytė, Tomkevičiūtė, Jūratė, Riklikienė, Olga
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Australia Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.12.2018
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chewing; Chronic pain; Chronic Pain - epidemiology; Clinical outcomes; community; Community nurses; Community nursing; Competence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Drugs; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Health behavior; Health status; Humans; Independent Living; Male; Malnutrition; Malnutrition - complications; Malnutrition - prevention & control; Nurses; Nursing; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Older people; Patient education; Prevalence; Primary care; Quantitative analysis; Remote areas; Risk assessment; rural; Rural areas; Rural communities; Rural Population; Lithuania; malnutrition; nutritional status; older people; community; rural
• ISSN: 1322-7114; 1440-172X
• DOI: 10.1111/ijn.12688

Background It is crucial that community nurses in remote areas are competent to recognize the risk of malnutrition in older people and be able to help them to improve their nutritional status. Aim To examine the factors associated with malnutrition and the impact of nutritional recommendations in rural community‐dwelling older people. Design This was a cross‐sectional descriptive study. Method The study was conducted in 2014 in a rural primary health care setting in Lithuania with 169 older people. Nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment tool. Older people who were at risk of malnutrition or were already malnourished (n = 82) received written nutritional recommendations and were reassessed after 6 months. Results Nutritional status was normal for 51.5% of participants, 43.2% had risk of malnutrition, and 5.3% had malnutrition. Risk of malnutrition or malnutrition was associated with chronic and intermittent pain, chewing difficulties, swallowing disorders, dental problems, and medication use. The nutritional status of participants at risk of malnutrition or malnourished had improved 6 months later. Conclusions Risk of malnutrition or malnutrition was prevalent among rural community‐dwelling older. The study highlighted that positive health outcomes are achievable in undernourished or at risk of malnutrition older people when nutritional recommendations are applied with minimal resources. SUMMARY STATEMENT What is already known about this topic? Aging is associated with various physio‐psychological changes and makes older people vulnerable to poor nutrition and malnutrition. Older people living in the countryside face health and nutritional problems more often than city residents. As there has been no research in Lithuania concerning the nutritional assessment of older people living in rural areas, they do not receive appropriate prevention or treatment for malnutrition. What this paper adds? Risk of malnutrition and malnutrition occurred one in every two rural community‐dwellers. The nutritional status of community‐dwelling older people can change after following nutritional recommendations for 6 months with minimal financial and human resources. The implications of this paper: Understanding of development and causes of malnutrition is essential in planning appropriate assessment, treatment, and education strategies in primary health care. Advanced nurse practitioners could be the main innovators in the field of community geriatric care by improving the health status of older people in Lithuania.