Beyond the Ribosome: Extra-translational Functions of tRNA Fragments

High-throughput sequencing studies of small RNAs reveal a complex milieu of noncoding RNAs in biological samples. Early data analysis was often limited to microRNAs due to their regulatory nature and potential as biomarkers; however, many more classes of noncoding RNAs are now being recognized. A cl...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inBiomarker Insights Vol. 2016; no. Suppl. 1; pp. 1 - 8
Main Authors Diebel, Kevin W., Zhou, Kun, Clarke, Aaron B., Bemis, Lynne T.
Format Journal Article Book Review
LanguageEnglish
Published London, England SAGE Publishing 01.01.2016
SAGE Publications
Sage Publications Ltd
Subjects
Biomarkers
Degradation products
miRNA
Next-generation sequencing
tRNA
angiogenin
cancer
tRNA biomarkers
tRNA fragments
tRFs
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Summary:High-throughput sequencing studies of small RNAs reveal a complex milieu of noncoding RNAs in biological samples. Early data analysis was often limited to microRNAs due to their regulatory nature and potential as biomarkers; however, many more classes of noncoding RNAs are now being recognized. A class of fragments initially excluded from analysis were those derived from transfer RNAs (tRNAs) because they were thought to be degradation products. More recently, critical cellular function has been attributed to tRNA fragments (tRFs), and their conservation across all domains of life has propelled them into an emerging area of scientific study. The biogenesis of tRFs is currently being elucidated, and initial studies show that a diverse array of tRFs are genera ted from all parts of a tRNA molecule. The goal of this review was to present what is currently known about tRFs and their potential as biomarkers for the earlier detection of disease.
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ISSN:1177-2719
1177-2719
DOI:10.4137/BMI.S35904