The Landscape of Anthrax Prevention and Control: Stakeholders' Perceptive in Odisha, India

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 17; no. 9; p. 3094
• Main Authors: Sahoo, Krushna Chandra, Negi, Sapna, Barla, Deepika, Badaik, Goldi, Sahoo, Sunita, Bal, Madhusmita, Padhi, Arun Kumar, Pati, Sanghamitra, Bhattacharya, Debdutta
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 29.04.2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Anthrax; Anthrax - epidemiology; Anthrax - prevention & control; Anthrax - veterinary; Breeding of animals; Criminal investigations; Diagnostic systems; Disease; Disease Outbreaks - prevention & control; Disease Outbreaks - veterinary; Disease prevention; Environmental health; Epidemics; Epidemiology; Ethics; Forestry; Health facilities; Health surveillance; Humans; Immunization; India - epidemiology; Infections; Interviews; Laboratories; Literacy; Livestock; Nutrition; Ordination; Outbreaks; Population density; Prevention; Public health; Qualitative Research; Rural areas; Studies; Zoonoses; India; stakeholders; zoonotic diseases; anthrax; veterinary diseases; one-health concept
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093094

The prevalence and outbreaks of anthrax are interlinked with the animal-environment-human context, which signifies the need for collaborative, trans-disciplinary and multi-sectoral approaches for the prevention and control of anthrax. In India, there are hardly any shreds of evidence on the role of various stakeholders' on anthrax prevention and control. Therefore, this study addressed the experiences of various stakeholders on anthrax prevention and control strategies in Odisha, India. A qualitative explorative study was carried out using 42 in-depth-interviews among the stakeholders from health, veterinary and general administrative departments from the block, district, and state level. Two major themes emerged: (1) Epidemiological investigation of anthrax in Odisha, India, and (2) Biological and social prevention strategies for anthrax in Odisha, India. The study emphasizes setting up the surveillance system as per standard guideline, and strengthening the diagnostic facility at a regional medical college laboratory to avoid delay. Moreover, it emphasizes step-up inter-sectoral co-ordination, collaboration and sensitization among health, veterinary, forestry, education, nutrition and tribal welfare departments at all levels in order to reduce the prevalence and control the outbreaks of anthrax in Odisha state. It also recommends raising community literacy, in particular on safe carcass disposal, changing behavior on dead-livestock consumption, and compliance with livestock vaccinations.