Curved accretion disks around rotating black holes without reflection symmetry

• Published in: The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields Vol. 82; no. 4; pp. 1 - 14
• Main Authors: Chen, Che-Yu, Yang, Hsiang-Yi Karen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 08.04.2022; Springer; Springer Nature B.V; SpringerOpen
• Subjects: Accretion disks; Analysis; Astronomy; Astrophysics and Cosmology; Asymmetry; Black holes; Circular orbits; Elementary Particles; Hadrons; Heavy Ions; Measurement Science and Instrumentation; Nuclear Energy; Nuclear Physics; Orbits; Physics; Physics and Astronomy; Quantum Field Theories; Quantum Field Theory; Quantum gravity; Red shift; Regular Article - Theoretical Physics; Retrograde orbits; Rotating disks; Rotation; String Theory; Symmetry
• ISSN: 1434-6052; 1434-6044; 1434-6052
• DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-022-10263-7

Rotating black holes without equatorial reflection symmetry can naturally arise in effective low-energy theories of fundamental quantum gravity, in particular, when parity-violating interactions are introduced. Adopting a theory-agnostic approach and considering a recently proposed Kerr-like black hole model, we investigate the structure and properties of accretion disk around a rotating black hole without reflection symmetry. In the absence of reflection symmetry, the accretion disk is in general a curved surface in shape, rather than a flat disk lying on the equatorial plane. Furthermore, the parameter ϵ that controls the reflection asymmetry would shrink the size of the prograde innermost stable circular orbits, and enhance the efficiency of the black hole in converting rest-mass energy to radiation during accretion. The retrograde innermost stable circular orbits are stretched but the effects are substantially suppressed. In addition, we find that spin measurements based on the gravitational redshift observations of the disk, assuming a Kerr geometry, may overestimate the true spin values if the central object is actually a Kerr-like black hole with conspicuous equatorial reflection asymmetry. The qualitative results that the accretion disk becomes curved and the prograde innermost stable circular orbits are shrunk turn out to be generic in our model when the reflection asymmetry is small.