Growth Hormone (GH) Therapy During the Transition Period: Should We Think about Early Retesting in Patients with Idiopathic and Isolated GH Deficiency?

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 16; no. 3; p. 307
• Main Authors: Penta, Laura, Cofini, Marta, Lucchetti, Laura, Zenzeri, Letizia, Leonardi, Alberto, Lanciotti, Lucia, Galeazzi, Daniela, Verrotti, Alberto, Esposito, Susanna
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 23.01.2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adults; Age; Arginine - administration & dosage; Body composition; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholesterol; Drug Monitoring - methods; Drug Monitoring - standards; Dwarfism, Pituitary - drug therapy; Endocrinology; Female; Growth Hormone - therapeutic use; Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone - administration & dosage; Growth hormones; Homeostasis; Hormone Replacement Therapy - methods; Human Growth Hormone - blood; Human Growth Hormone - deficiency; Humans; Insulin; Insulin resistance; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - metabolism; Insulin-like growth factors; Male; Males; Medical Overuse - prevention & control; Metabolism; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Physiology; Pituitary gland; Italy; growth hormone retesting; growth hormone deficiency; transition age
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16030307

To investigate growth hormone (GH) secretion at the transition age, retesting of all subjects who have undergone GH replacement therapy is recommended when linear growth and pubertal development are complete to distinguish between transitional and persistent GH deficiency (GHD). Early retesting of children with idiopathic and isolated GHD (i.e., before the achievement of final height and/or the adult pubertal stage) can avoid possible over-treatment. Here, we report data from our population with idiopathic and isolated GHD to encourage changes in the management and timing of retesting. We recruited 31 patients (19 males) with idiopathic GHD who received recombinant GH (rGH) for at least 2 years. All of the patients were retested at the transition age at least 3 months after rGH discontinuation. Permanent GHD was defined as a GH peak of <19 ng/mL after administration of growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH) + arginine as a provocative test. Permanent GHD was confirmed in only five of 31 patients (16.13%). None of these patients presented low serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels (<−2 standard deviation score (SDS)). Only one male patient with an IGF-1 serum level lower than −2 SDS showed a normal GH stimulation response, with a GH peak of 44.99 ng/mL. Few patients with idiopathic and isolated GHD demonstrated persistence of the deficit when retested at the transition age, suggesting that the timing of retesting should be anticipated to avoid overtreatment.