A tool to assess analytical sample preparation procedures: Sample preparation metric of sustainability

•A new metric to assess the sustainability of sample preparation techniques.•The sampling and further analytical technique is not considered in the metric.•The extractant, extraction time, energy consumption, and waste, are key features.•Clear differentiation achieved between extraction techniques w...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inJournal of Chromatography A Vol. 1707; p. 464291
Main Authors González-Martín, Raúl, Gutiérrez-Serpa, Adrián, Pino, Verónica, Sajid, Muhammad
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Elsevier B.V 27.09.2023
Subjects
Analytical extractions
chromatography
Green analytical chemistry
Greenness metrics
microextraction
Sample preparation
sampling
Green analytical chemistry
Sample preparation
Analytical extractions
Greenness metrics
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Summary:•A new metric to assess the sustainability of sample preparation techniques.•The sampling and further analytical technique is not considered in the metric.•The extractant, extraction time, energy consumption, and waste, are key features.•Clear differentiation achieved between extraction techniques with a priori slight differences.•User-friendly and open-access software to apply the metric. Sample preparation is a key step in most analytical methods, generally regarded as the least green step of the entire procedure. The existing green metrics assess the greenness of sample preparation techniques through the evaluation of the whole analytical procedure: including sampling, sample preparation, and the final detection/quantitation. Such inclusion of the entire method makes assessing the sustainability of a newly developed sample preparation technique quite challenging, as many aspects not solely linked to the sample preparation step are unavoidably considered. Thus, an alternative metric that can explicitly and exclusively evaluate the sample preparation is proposed. The metric is simple; it reports the result with a clock-like diagram, displaying the greenness outcome of main sample preparation parameters and a total score. This new metric can differentiate closely related microextraction approaches in terms of sustainability. The metric is also open-source and can be used by downloading the Excel sheet provided.
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ISSN:0021-9673
DOI:10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464291