Effectiveness of Mechanical Horse-Riding Simulators on Postural Balance in Neurological Rehabilitation: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 17; no. 1; p. 165
• Main Authors: Dominguez-Romero, Juan G., Molina-Aroca, Assumpta, Moral-Munoz, Jose A., Luque-Moreno, Carlos, Lucena-Anton, David
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 25.12.2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Balance; Cerebral palsy; Cerebral Palsy - rehabilitation; Humans; Intervention; Meta-analysis; Nervous system; Neurological disorders; Older people; Physical Therapy Modalities; Postural Balance; Posture; Psychological aspects; Rehabilitation; Review; Software reviews; Stroke - physiopathology; Stroke Rehabilitation - methods; Systematic review; Walking; cerebral palsy; robotics; postural balance; neurological rehabilitation; stroke
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010165

Mechanical horse-riding simulators consist of a device that mimics the movement of a real horse, generating between 50 and 100 three-dimensional physical movements (forward and back, left and right, up and down). The main objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of mechanical horse-riding simulators to improve postural balance in subjects with neurological disorders. The search was conducted during January–March 2019 in PubMed, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Cochrane, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated through the PEDro scale. A total of seven articles were included in this systematic review, of which four contributed information to the meta-analysis. Statistical analysis showed favorable results for balance in stroke patients, measured by the Berg Balance Scale (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 3.24; 95%; confidence interval (CI): 1.66–4.83). Not conclusive results were found in sitting postural balance, measured using the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66) Sitting Dimension, in patients with cerebral palsy. Most studies have shown beneficial effects on postural balance compared with conventional physical therapy. However, due to the limited number of articles and their low methodological quality, no solid conclusions can be drawn about the effectiveness of this therapy.