Intention to Take COVID-19 Vaccine as a Precondition for International Travel: Application of Extended Norm-Activation Model

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 18; no. 6; p. 3104
• Main Authors: Radic, Aleksandar, Koo, Bonhak, Gil-Cordero, Eloy, Cabrera-Sánchez, Juan Pedro, Han, Heesup
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 17.03.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Behavior; Conventions; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Global economy; Health risks; Humans; Hypotheses; Intention; International; International travel; Mass media; Media coverage; Multivariate statistical analysis; Pandemics; Postal & delivery services; SARS-CoV-2; Social behavior; Social norms; Tourism; Travel; Vaccination; Vaccines; behavioral intention; mass media coverage; COVID-19 mandatory vaccination; Norm-Activation Model
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063104

The COVID-19 pandemic is a serious threat to human health, the global economy, and the social fabrics of contemporary societies as many aspects of modern everyday life, including travel and leisure, have been shattered to pieces. Hence, a COVID-19 mandatory vaccination as a precondition for international travel is being debated in many countries. Thus, the present research aimed to study the intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine as a precondition for international travel using an extended Norm-Activation Model. The study model integrates a new construct, namely mass media coverage on COVID-19 vaccination as additional predictor of intention to take the COVID-19 vaccine. The survey data were collected from 1221 international travelers. Structural equation modelling shows a very good fit of the final model to the data; the conceptual model based on extended Norm-Activation Model was strongly supported. Awareness of consequences related to the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals' health has shown a positive effect on individuals' ascribed responsibility to adopt emotionally driven (anticipated pride and anticipated guilt) pro-social behaviors that activate a personal norm towards altruistic and pro-mandatory vaccination-friendly behavior. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.