Psychometric Properties of the Translated Tai Chi Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale for Chinese Adults with Coronary Heart Disease or Risk Factors

• Published in: International journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 18; no. 7; p. 3651
• Main Authors: Liu, Ting, Chan, Aileen Wai Kiu, Taylor-Piliae, Ruth E, Choi, Kai-Chow, Chair, Sek-Ying
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 31.03.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: Adult; Adults; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; China; Chinese languages; Confidence; Coronary artery disease; Coronary Disease - prevention & control; Correlation coefficient; Correlation coefficients; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes; Exercise; Factor analysis; Health risks; Heart diseases; Humans; Hypertension; Martial arts; Mortality; Overweight; Physical fitness; Psychometrics; Quality of life; Quantitative psychology; Reproducibility of Results; Risk analysis; Risk Factors; Self Efficacy; Semantics; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tai Ji; Test procedures; Translation; China; United States > US; exercise self-efficacy; cross-cultural adaptation; reliability and validity; Tai Chi; translation; coronary heart disease; exercise behavior; physical activity
• ISSN: 1660-4601; 1661-7827; 1660-4601
• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073651

Tai Chi is an effective exercise option for individuals with coronary heart disease or its associated risk factors. An accurate and systematic assessment of a Mandarin-speaking adults' self-efficacy in maintaining Tai Chi exercise is lacking. Mandarin Chinese has the most speakers worldwide. This study aimed to translate the Tai Chi Exercise Self-Efficacy scale and examine its psychometric properties. The 14-item Tai Chi Exercise Self-Efficacy scale was translated from English into Mandarin Chinese using a forward-translation, back-translation, committee approach, and pre-test procedure. Participants with coronary heart disease or risk factors ( = 140) enrolled in a cross-sectional study for scale validation. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit of the two-factor structure (Tai Chi exercise self-efficacy barriers and performance) to this sample. The translated scale demonstrated high internal consistency, with a Cronbach's α value of 0.97, and good test-retest reliability, with an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.86 ( < 0.01). Participants with prior Tai Chi experience reported significantly higher scores than those without ( < 0.001), supporting known-group validity. A significant correlation was observed between the translated scale and total exercise per week (r = 0.37, < 0.01), providing evidence of concurrent validity. The Mandarin Chinese version of the Tai Chi Exercise Self-Efficacy scale is a valid and reliable scale for Chinese adults with coronary heart disease or risk factors.