Ischemia–Reperfusion Intervention: From Enhancements in Exercise Performance to Accelerated Performance Recovery—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

It has been demonstrated that brief cycles of ischemia followed by reperfusion (IR) applied before exercise can improve performance and, IR intervention, applied immediately after exercise (post-exercise ischemic conditioning—PEIC) exerts a potential ergogenic effect to accelerate recovery. Thus, th...

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Published inInternational journal of environmental research and public health Vol. 17; no. 21; p. 8161
Main Authors Arriel, Rhaí André, Rodrigues, Jéssica Ferreira, Souza, Hiago Leandro Rodrigues de, Meireles, Anderson, Leitão, Luís Filipe Moutinho, Crisafulli, Antonio, Marocolo, Moacir
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 04.11.2020
MDPI
Subjects
Biomarkers
Creatine Kinase
Exercise
Humans
Intervention
Investigations
Ischemia
Meta-analysis
Muscle, Skeletal
Oxidative stress
Physical fitness
Physiology
Reperfusion
Review
Software
Systematic review
Variables
blood flow occlusion
ergogenic
ischemic postconditioning
intermittent occlusion
sports
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Summary:It has been demonstrated that brief cycles of ischemia followed by reperfusion (IR) applied before exercise can improve performance and, IR intervention, applied immediately after exercise (post-exercise ischemic conditioning—PEIC) exerts a potential ergogenic effect to accelerate recovery. Thus, the purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis was to identify the effects of PEIC on exercise performance, recovery and the responses of associated physiological parameters, such as creatine kinase, perceived recovery and muscle soreness, over 24 h after its application. From 3281 studies, six involving 106 subjects fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Compared to sham (cuff administration with low pressure) and control interventions (no cuff administration), PEIC led to faster performance recovery (p = 0.004; ES = −0.49) and lower increase in creatine kinase (p < 0.001; effect size (ES) = −0.74) and muscle soreness (p < 0.001; ES = −0.88) over 24 h. The effectiveness of this intervention is more pronounced in subjects with low/moderate fitness level and at least a total time of 10 min of ischemia (e.g., two cycles of 5 min) is necessary to promote positive effects.
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ISSN:1660-4601
1661-7827
1660-4601
DOI:10.3390/ijerph17218161