Fruit Quality and Primary and Secondary Metabolites Content in Eight Varieties of Blood Oranges

• Published in: Agronomy (Basel) Vol. 13; no. 4; p. 1037
• Main Authors: Forner-Giner, María Ángeles, Ballesta-de los Santos, Manuel, Melgarejo, Pablo, Martínez-Nicolás, Juan José, Melián-Navarro, Amparo, Ruíz-Canales, Antonio, Continella, Alberto, Legua, Pilar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 01.04.2023
• Subjects: amino acid; Anthocyanins; Asparagine; Bioactive compounds; blood orange; Brix value; Citric acid; Citrus; Citrus fruits; Consumers; Flavones; Fruit juices; Fruits; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Juices; Liquid chromatography; Metabolites; morphological parameters; Morphology; NMR; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Oranges; organic acid; Parameters; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Plant metabolites; Secondary metabolites; Seeds; Sucrose; Spain; Italy; Japan
• ISSN: 2073-4395; 2073-4395
• DOI: 10.3390/agronomy13041037

In Europe, the cultivation of blood oranges for fresh consumption is increasing due to their excellent organoleptic and nutraceutical properties, which give this fruit the status of functional food. Blood orange has a higher content of bioactive compounds, which confer additional benefits for human health. The main morphological and qualitative parameters were studied together with the content of primary metabolites by 1H NMR and secondary metabolites by HPLC-ESI-DAD-MSn from eight varieties of blood orange grafted on Citrus macrophylla. Tarocco Dalmuso was the variety with the highest values of weight (350.6 g), caliber (86.4 mm and 88.6 mm) and juice content (214.2 g). Tarocco Gallo obtained the most interesting qualitative parameters (13.95 °Brix; 22.75 MI). The most intense red juice was in Sanguinelli (a* = 9.45) and, in crust, it was in Tarocco Scirè (a* = 40.13). The most abundant primary metabolites were proline, aspartate and asparagine, citric acid and sucrose. The results showed that the juice of the Moro had the highest levels of total flavones and flavanones (90.07 and 592.88 mg L−1, respectively), and Sanguinelli in total anthocyanins (101.06 mg L−1). To conclude, Tarocco Dalmuso obtained the best values of agronomic parameters, and Moro and Sanguinelli in the content of phenolic compounds.