Ethnic differences in C-peptide secretion but not in non-esterified fatty acid metabolism in pre-menopausal women with and without abdominal obesity

• Published in: Diabetes research and clinical practice Vol. 77; no. 1; pp. 62 - 69
• Main Authors: Reimann, Manja, Schutte, Aletta E, Huisman, Hugo W, Schutte, Rudolph, van Rooyen, Johannes M, Malan, Leoné, Malan, Nico T, Schwarz, Peter E.H
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Ireland Elsevier Ireland Ltd 01.07.2007
• Subjects: Abdominal Fat - anatomy & histology; Abdominal obesity; Adult; African Continental Ancestry Group; Blood Glucose - metabolism; C-peptide; C-Peptide - secretion; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Ethnicity; European Continental Ancestry Group; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - metabolism; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypertension; Insulin - blood; NEFA; Obesity - ethnology; Obesity - metabolism; Premenopause - blood; Premenopause - ethnology; South Africa; South Africa; Hypertension; Abdominal obesity; Ethnicity; C-peptide; NEFA
• ISSN: 0168-8227; 1872-8227
• DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2006.10.010

Abstract The present study aimed to reveal racial differences in the metabolic pattern of C-peptide and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and in their associations with cardiovascular measures in healthy urban African (102) and Caucasian women (115) from South Africa. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed with measurements before and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. Various cardiovascular parameters and blood lipids were assessed. Statistical analyses were done in a sub-sample of pre-menopausal women. Fasting C-peptide and hepatic insulin extraction were significantly higher in lean African women compared to their Caucasian counterparts, with no racial differences between women with abdominal obesity. Postchallenge C-peptide response and hepatic insulin extraction were significantly higher in Caucasians with abdominal obesity. There were no racial differences in insulin sensitivity and resistance. Despite different associations of C-peptide and NEFA with cardiovascular measures between the ethnicities both showed significant positive correlations with triglycerides. Increased fasting C-peptide levels and unfavorable associations of C-peptide and NEFA with triglycerides and cardiovascular measures implicate a higher cardiovascular risk in lean African women only. This may be of importance for the development of hypertension in this population group.