Enhanced cell‐associated plasminogen activator pathway but not coagulation pathway activity contributes to motility in metastatic breast cancer cells

• Published in: Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis Vol. 8; no. 6; pp. 1323 - 1332
• Main Authors: CARTER, J. C., CAMPBELL, R. A., GIBBONS, J. A., GRAMLING, M. W., WOLBERG, A. S., CHURCH, F. C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.06.2010
• Subjects: Base Sequence; Blood Coagulation; breast cancer; Breast Neoplasms - metabolism; Breast Neoplasms - pathology; Cell Line, Tumor; cell motility; DNA Primers; Female; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis; plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1; Plasminogen Activators - metabolism; Pregnancy; thrombin; urokinase
• ISSN: 1538-7933; 1538-7836; 1538-7836
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03825.x

Background: Activation of tumor cell‐associated coagulation and plasminogen activator pathways occurs in malignant disease processes, including breast cancer, and may promote metastatic activity. Objectives/Methods: To compare the coagulation and plasminogen activator pathways of normal and metastatic cells, we examined two cell lines from the MCF‐10 family of breast cells: near‐normal immortalized MCF‐10A cells, and metastatic MCF‐10CA1 cells. Results: MCF‐10CA1 cell motility was significantly increased as compared with that of MCF‐10A cells. The two cell types supported similar rates of factor Xa generation, plasma thrombin generation, and fibrin formation. MCF‐10A cells produced a stable fibrin network, whereas MCF‐10CA1 cells lysed the surrounding fibrin network within 24 h of network formation. Importantly, fibrin located proximal to (within 10 μm) the MCF‐10CA1 cell surface lysed substantially faster than fibrin located 100 μm from the surface. MCF‐10CA1 cells supported significantly increased plasmin generation rates as compared with MCF‐10A cells, providing a mechanism for the increased fibrinolytic activity of these cells towards the fibrin network. Metastatic MCF‐10CA1 cells had increased expression (mRNA and protein) levels of urokinase plasminogen activator (u‐PA) and decreased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 as compared with MCF‐10A cells. Blocking u‐PA activity with the active site‐directed protease inhibitor amiloride substantially decreased MCF‐10CA1 cell motility. Phosphorylated Akt levels were elevated in MCF‐10CA1 cells, which partially explains the increased u‐PA expression. Conclusions: These results suggest that the tumor‐associated plasminogen activator pathway, not the coagulation pathway, is a key distinguishing feature between metastatic MCF10‐CA1 cells and normal MCF‐10A cells.