Preparation of Geopolymeric Materials from Industrial Kaolins, with Variable Kaolinite Content and Alkali Silicates Precursors

In the present work, the development of geopolymeric materials with Na or K based on industrial kaolin samples, with variable kaolinite content and alkaline silicates, is studied. XRF, XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDS have been used as characterization techniques. Three ceramic kaolin samples, two from Algeria...

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Published inMaterials Vol. 17; no. 8; p. 1839
Main Authors Martínez-Martínez, Sergio, Bouguermouh, Karima, Bouzidi, Nedjima, Mahtout, Laila, Sánchez-Soto, Pedro J, Pérez-Villarejo, Luis
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 16.04.2024
Subjects
alkali silicates
Aluminum
Carbonates
Carbonation
Cement
Civil engineering
Climate change
Cultural heritage
Emissions
Fly ash
geopolymer
Geopolymers
Green chemistry
Hydroxylation
Kaolin
Kaolinite
Minerals
Polymers
Potassium
Raw materials
sialate-siloxo type
Silica
Silicates
Silicon
Sodium
Sodium carbonate
Sodium hydroxide
sustainable foundations
Temperature
geopolymer
sustainable foundations
kaolinite
alkali silicates
sialate-siloxo type
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Summary:In the present work, the development of geopolymeric materials with Na or K based on industrial kaolin samples, with variable kaolinite content and alkaline silicates, is studied. XRF, XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDS have been used as characterization techniques. Three ceramic kaolin samples, two from Algeria and one from Charente (France), have been considered. In particular, chemical and mineralogical characterization revealed elements distinct of Si and Al, and the content of pure kaolinite and secondary minerals. Metakaolinite was obtained by grinding and sieving raw kaolin at 80 μm and then by thermal activation at 750 °C for 1 h. This metakaolinite has been used as a base raw material to obtain geopolymers, using for this purpose different formulations of alkaline silicates with NaOH or KOH and variable Si/K molar ratios. The formation of geopolymeric materials by hydroxylation and polycondensation characterized with different Si/Al molar ratios, depending on the original metakaolinite content, has been demonstrated. Sodium carbonates have been detected by XRD and FTIR, and confirmed by SEM-EDS, in two of these geopolymer materials being products of NaOH carbonation.
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ISSN:1996-1944
1996-1944
DOI:10.3390/ma17081839